Oa Flashcards
what are the poor prognostic markers of cardiac arrest?
- age
- heart failure
- reduced systolic pressure
- higher killip class
- initial increased serum creatinine kinase
- initial increased cardiac markers
- cardiac arrest on admission
- st segment deviation
killip class I
No clinical signs of heart failure
Killip class 2
Lung crackles S3
Killip class 3
Frank pulmonary oedema
Killip class 4
Cardiogenic shock
Which beta blockers reduce mortality in Heart failure?
- carvediol
- bisoprolol
When is staph epidermidis the most common cause of infective endocarditis?
If less than 2 months post heart valve surgery
Scarlet fever
- strawberry tongue and facial sparing
Chicken pox
itchy, on the head before spreads
- macular to vesicular to papular rash
Measles
- starts on the face then moves to the body
- koplik spots (on inside of the mouth)
What is the triad of normal pressure hydrocephalus?
- urinary incontinence
- dementia and bradyphrenia
- gait abnormality (may be similar to Parkinson’s disease)
Cyclizine
Intracranial causes of vomiting
Metoclopramide
Nausea related to gastric dysmotility and stasis
Ondasetron
Opioid associated nausea and vomiting
What are the paraneoplastic features associated with small cell lung cancer?
- ADH
- ACTH
- Lambert-eaton
What are the paraneoplastic features associated with squamous cell lung cancer
- PTH-rp -> hypercalcaemia
- clubbing
- HPOA - periosteal reaction
- ectopic TSH ->hyperthyroid
What are the paraneoplastic features associated with adenocarcinoma?
- gynaecomastia
- HPOA
What is the opioid of choice in palliative care for a patient with severe renal failure?
- fentanyl
- buprenorphine
- metabolised in the liver and not renally excreted
What changes should be made to medications for those on levothyroxine in pregnancy
increase dose (up to 50%)
What should you do if a patient is treated for a pneumothorax but there is not an acceptable level of reversibility/recurrent air leak
VATs
Conns - potassium
Hypokalaemia
Addisons - potassium
Hyperkalaemia
What are the signs of autonomic dysreflexia?
After spinal cord damage
- extreme hypotnesion
- flushing
- sweatign above the level of the cord lesion
- agitation
What is the best tumour marker for hepatocellular carcinoma?
serum AFP
Where is asbestosis most commonly seen on x ray
Lower lobes
What is the test for antiphospholipid syndrome?
Anticardiolipin antibody
What blood product has the highest risk of bacteria
Platelets
Which valve is most commonly affected in IVDU with infective endocarditis
Tricuspid
What are the contraindications to statins?
- Pregnancy
- macrolides
When should you discontinue statins?
If serum transaminases rise to 3 times the upper limit
What is the management of immune thrombocytopenia?
- Oral pred if mild
- IV immunoglobulin if severe
What is the rate at which potassium can be replaced
10mm/hour
Test results and presentation acute interstitial nephritis
- eosinophilia
- aki
- fever, rash, and arthralgia
What murmur ventricular septal defect?
Pansystolic
What is the treatment of local anaesthetic toxicity?
Local anesthetic toxicity can be treated with IV 20% lipid emulsion
HNPCC
- colon cancer
- endometrial cancer
Granulocytes on blood film
myeloid
