O'Connor 2-21 thru 2-24

Question 1

What 4 factors determine malignancy?

Answer 1

genetic mutations, epigenetic changes (microenvironment), organ, and cell type

Question 2

3 Types of highly invasive but not usually metastatic cancer

Answer 2

glioblastoma, squamous cell carcenome in neck, basal cell carcinomas in head

Question 3

3 types of highly metastatic cancers

Answer 3

pancreas, small cell lung cancer, melanoma

Question 4

Anoikis

Answer 4

apoptosis from losing contact with surrounding cells

Question 5

Where do tumor cells usually exrtravasate to?

Answer 5

the next capillary bed or to the most conducive organ for growth

Question 6

2 meachanisms for extravasation

Answer 6

passive (embolism) or active shunting from the capillary by systemic safe-guard reaction

Question 7

What is the main genetic feature of metastases in sporadic cancers

Answer 7

they are monoclonal

Question 8

By what 3 routes do metastases travel

Answer 8

lymphatic, hematogenous, across cavities

Question 9

Dertain genes code for a signal that “homes” cells to a certain site in the body, an adaptation similar to this cell type

Answer 9

leukocytes

Question 10

virulence genes

Answer 10

cause metastases, acquired active genes, include oncogenes

Question 11

metastatic niche

Answer 11

tumor cells can condition future metastasis site with factors (remotely)