o'chem flashcards unit 3 pt 2
functions of leukotrienes
asthamtic and allergic reaction
mediator of smooth muscle contraction
bronchconstriction and increase vascular permeability
what is esterfication
reaction of an alcohol with an acid to produce ester and water
what is the common functions of cholesterol
Fluidity of cellular membrane
precusor for steriod hormone and bile salts
plamitic acid and palmitoleic acid both have 16 carbons. Which molecule would have a higher boiling point?
Plamitic acid
What are the 3 classes of steriods
cholesterol
hormones
bile salts
explain what is lipid bilayer is
A thin layer/membrane made up of two layers of lipids
made up of a polar head and a nonpolar tail
Saturated molecules have?
no double bonds (Higher boiling point)
draw the backbone of triaglycerol
3 fatty acids
backbone of sphingophospholipid
hydrocarbon
fatty acid
phosphate+amino alcohol
All phospholipids have?
polar head
non polar tail
true or false
Lipids have no common functional group but most lipids are insoluble in water
true
What does CIS bonds do to a molecule
reduces the melting point
draw the backbone of glycerophospholipids
2 fatty acids
phosphate group + amino alcochol
Name this fatty acid
Name this fatty acid
Name this fatty acid
Unsaturated molecules
double bonds-lower MP and BP
how many hydrocarbonds does steriod rings has?
4
true or false
Bile salts are secreated into small intestine during digestion
true
true or false
Hormones are effective at low concentration
true
steriod hormones are derivatives from?
cholesterols
Backbone of Sphingolipids
Hydrocarbon branch
fatty acids
phosphate+amino
c
Fats are more efficient form of energy than?
Carbohydrates
true or false
steriods are cholesterol, bile salts and steriod hormones that contains hydrocarbons rings that are strongly hydrophobic
True
Explain Active transport
Across concentrated gradient
requires protein
requires energy
transporter acts as pump to drive solutes against the concentration gradient, Na+, K+, H+, Ca2+
Explain Simple diffusion
Down a gradient
No protein required
No energy required
o2(Oxygen), N2(Nitrogen) and co2(Carbon Dioxide), can pass through membranes freely.
what is the hydrolysis of this moleclue
going to slit this molecule with 4h2
the conversion of plant oil into margarine is called
hydrogenation
basic hydrolysis of animal fats and some plant oil produces soap, this is called?
Saponification
Functions of thromboxane
Blood clotting
Functions of Prostaglandis
Constriction of blood vessels
Two distingusing feature of leukotrienes
3 double bonds between hydroxyl groups
No closed ring
What is one distingusing features of prostaglandis
Cyclopentane Ring
What are the 3 classes of eicosanoids
Prostaglandis
Thromboxanes
Leukotrienes
List the 4 properties of triglycerides
- Non polar neutral, insoluble in water
- accumulates fat droplets in cytoplasm
- solid at room temp-saturated-fats
- liquid at room temp-unsaturated-oil
The process of removal of double bonds to make single bonds
hydrgenation
explain why fatty acid are not soluble in water
the tail is non polar
list 3 things about lipids.
- Insoluble in water
- Soluble in organic solvents
- Molecules that contain fatty acids or steriod nucleus
What is one distinguising feature of thromboxane
c8-c12 form a six membered “cyclic ether” structure
Simple Facilitated transport
1) down a concentration gradient
2) protein required
3) energy not required
4) protein transporters acts as a gate or channel for binding and transport of specific solutes
Noticable features of Leukotrienes
No closed ring, three double bonds between hydroxyl groups
Noticable features of Prostaglandis
ring closure at carbon 8 and 12
What the noticeable feature of thromboxane
Ring closure cyclic acetal
Structural features of Eicosanoids
oxygenated derivatives of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid
3 Biological functions of Lipids
- Storage of excess energy
- Componets of cell membrane
- Chemical messegers
List 3 general functions of Eicosanoids
Regulation
blood clotting
production of pain and fever
labor induced
Wake sleep cycle
Identify this Compound
Bile Salt
Identify this compund
Prostaglandis
Identify this compund
Leukotriene
Identify this structure
Thromboxane
To what group of complex lipids does this compound belong?
glycerophospholipid
What type of messgenger is this
Aderengeric Messgenger
What type of messgenger is this
Steriod messgenger
What type of messgenger is this
Peptidergic
