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H-60M Blackhawk > NVG > Flashcards

NVG Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of vision? When is each used?

A
  • Photopic - full daylight
  • Mesopic - dawn/dusk
  • Scotopic - night
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2
Q

What type of vision is used when wearing NVGs?

A

Photopic

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3
Q

What is off-center viewing/vision?

A

Looking 10 degrees above, below, or to the side of an object to compensate for night blind spot

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4
Q

Monocular cues are used for ___ and remembered with the acronym ___?

A

Depth perception and distance estimation

“GRAM”

(Geometric, retinal image, aerial, motion parallax)

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5
Q

Describe the geometric monocular cues; and are remembered with what acronym?

A

An object appears to have a different shape when crew members view it at varying distances and from different angles

“LAV”

  • Linear perspective
  • Apparent foreshadowing
  • Vertical Position
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6
Q

Describe the retinal image size monocular cues; and are remembered with what acronym?

A

An image focused on the retina is perceived by the brain to be of a given size

“KITO”

  • Known size
  • Increasing size
  • Terrestrial association
  • Overlapping contours
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7
Q

Describe the aerial perspective monocular cues; and are remembered with what acronym?

A

The clarity of an object and the shadow cast by it are perceived by the brain and are cues for estimating distance

“FLP”

  • Fading color/shades
  • Loss of detail
  • Position of light, shadows
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8
Q

Describe motion parallax.

A

“Most important” monocular cue for stationary objects when moving left/right

  • close stationary objects appear to move in fast and in opposite direction of travel
  • far stationary objects appear to move slowly in same direction of travel
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9
Q

The moon angle changes at what rate per hour?

A

13.2 degrees, approximately equal to it’s apparent size

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10
Q

What is the field of vision of the ANVIS-6?

A

40 degrees

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11
Q

Normal night visual acuity is approximately ___. NVGs enhance this to about ___. The best possible visual acuity at night is ___.

A
  • 20/200
  • 20/70
  • 20/25 (if 100% illum, clear weather, low humidity)
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12
Q

What is the focal range of the ANVIS-6?

A

11” to 50m (“optical infinity”)

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13
Q

The ANVIS-6 amplifies light by ___.

A

2000-3000x

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14
Q

The battery low voltage indicator flashes ___ when the batteries fall below ___?

A
  • red
  • 2.4V
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15
Q

Why should rechargeable (NiCd) batteries not be used?

A

Combined voltage of 2 AA batteries is only 2.4V, and would trigger the low-voltage indicator with new batteries

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16
Q

What are the 4 operational defects? What acronym is used to remember them?

A

“FEES”

  • Flickering
  • Emission point
  • Edge glow
  • Shading
  • Laser Damage (not a conventional defect but should not use if seen)
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17
Q

What is the magnification of the ANVIS-6?

A

1x - NVGs amplify light, do not magnify

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18
Q

If needed, how are the electrical contacts cleaned?

A

Pencil eraser

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19
Q

When the low voltage indicator starts flashing, you have approx how much battery life remaining?

A

30 minutes

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20
Q

What acronym is used to remember the visual illusions?

A

FFF CRASH CSAR

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21
Q

What visual illusions are represented by FFF?

A
  • Flicker Vertigo
  • Fixation
  • False Horizon
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22
Q

What visual illusions are represented by CRASH?

A
  • Confusing Ground Lights
  • Relative Motion
  • Altered Plane of Reference
  • Structural Illusions
  • Height/Depth Perception
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23
Q

What visual illusions are represented by CSAR?

A
  • Crater Illusion
  • Size-Distance Illusion
  • Autokinesis
  • Reversible Perspective
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24
Q

What are the three types of spatial disorientation?

A
  • Unrecognized (Type 1) – Aviator is disoriented but does not believe anything is wrong. Most dangerous type.
  • Recognized (Type 2) – Aviator perceives a problem but may not recognized it as spatial disorientation.
  • Incapacitating (Type 3) – Aviator cannot orient to visual cues or instruments due to severity of disorientation. Co-pilot/CE should recognize, announce, and/or take control of aircraft.
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25
Q

What exterior lights must be operational before an NVG flight?

A

Cargo hook well area electroluminescent lighting, IR formation and position lights

26
Q

What are the 7 most common cosmetic blemishes?

A

Bright spots, black spots, chicken wire, fixed-pattern noise, image disparity, output brightness variation, distortion

27
Q

How should the battery pack be oriented on the flight helmet? Where is the primary and alternate battery when oriented properly?

A
  • Oriented with switch/cable up.
  • Primary battery on right, alternate battery on left.
28
Q

What is the ABC, what part of the NVG does it effect, and what does it do?

A

Automatic Brightness Control - reduces voltage to microchannel plate (abC mCp). Under high-light conditions reduces image brightness so that night vision is not affected

‘ABC is for me’

29
Q

What is the BSP, what part of the NVG does it effect, and what does it do?

A

Bright-source Protection - reduces voltage to the photocathode (bsP mcP). Under high light conditions (tracers, explosions) prevents damage to the MCP

30
Q

What part of the ANVIS-6 filters blue light?

A

A coating on the objective lens - filters blue light so that blue interior/instrument lights do not cause glare

31
Q

Night vision adaptation takes approximately how long in optimal conditions?

A

30-45 minutes

32
Q

What are the 5 deadly self-imposed stressors

A

“DEATH”

Drugs, Exhaustion, Alcohol, Tobacco, Hypoglycemia

33
Q

What are the 4 types of hypoxia?

A

Hypoxic, Hypemic, Histotoxic, Stagnant

34
Q

What are the major components of the ANVIS-6? What does each do? What mnemonic is used to remember them?

A

“Other people’s money pays for everything” - Objective - inverts image, filters blue light - Photocathode - converts photons to electrons (1:1) - Microchannel Plate - multiplies number of electrons - Phosphorescent Screen - creates visible (green) image from electrons - Fiberoptic Inverter - inverts image to proper orientation - Eyepiece - view image, artificial focal depth of 6 feet

35
Q

What is scintillation? When is it seen?

A
  • Snowy/static pattern (like an old tv)
  • Seen in low illumination (<25%); can be a sign of worsening weather
36
Q

Describe Linear Perspective

A

Parallel lines, such as runway lights, tend to converge as distance from the observer increases

37
Q

Describe apparent foreshortening

A

The true shape of an object or a terrain feature appears elliptical when viewed from a distance

38
Q

Describe Vertical position in the field

A

Objects or terrain features farther away from the observer appear higher on the horizon than those closer to the observer

39
Q

Describe Known size of objects

A

The nearer an object is to the observer, the larger its retinal image

40
Q

Describe increasing/decreasing size of objects

A

If the size of an object increases in size, the object is moving closer to the observer. If the size decreases, the object is moving farther away.

41
Q

Describe terrestrial association

A

Comparison of one object, such as an airfield, with another object of known size, such as a helicopter, will help to determine the relative size and apparent distance of the object from the observer

42
Q

Describe overlapping contour

A

When objects overlap, the overlapped object is farther away

43
Q

Describe fading colors/shades

A

Objects viewed through haze, fog, or smoke are seen less distinctly and appear to be at a greater distance than they actually are

44
Q

Describe loss of detail

A

The farther from an object that an observer is, the less apparent discrete details become. For example, a cornfield at a distance becomes a solid colour

45
Q

Describe position of light/shadows

A

Every object will cast a shadow if there is a source of light. The direction in which the shadow is cast depends on the position of the light source

46
Q

What is scotopic vision

A
47
Q

What is mesopic vision

A
48
Q

What is photopic vision

A
49
Q

Explain false horizon

A

Confusing clouds/snowbanks with horizon, causes false sense of orientation

50
Q

Explain flicker vertigo

A

rotors interrupting sunlight or strobe lights (especially in clouds) creates flashing effect, generally annoying but may induce seizures between 4-20 Hz.

Turn off light source if possible

51
Q

Explain fixation

A

Focusing too long on a task or target

52
Q

Explain Confusing Ground Lights

A

mistaking ground lights for stars, causing false sense of orientation. Maintain proper scan.

53
Q

Explain relative motion

A

Perceive self in motion due to movement of another object. Maintain scan, be aware of problem.

54
Q

Explain Altered Plane of Reference

A

Inaccurate sense of altitude, attitude, or flight path due to very large object (mountain), will maneuver to avoid object though not required. Perform map recon and search for true horizon.

55
Q

Explain Structural Illusion

A

Caused by heat, rain, or snow; straight lines appeared curved when viewed through heat isotherms, ice or rain on windshield. Be aware of conditions and problem.

56
Q

Explain Height/Depth Perception

A

Loss of depth perception due to insufficient visual cues. Trust instruments and scan horizon.

57
Q

Explain Crater Illusion

A

When landing under NVGs with searchlight, shadow may cause illusion of landing surrounded by upslopeing terrain. Use search/landing light appropriately, be aware of problem.

58
Q

Explain Size-Distance Illusion

A

False perception of distance from an object of unfamiliar size (smaller or larger runway/trees/buildings/aircraft than used to). Be aware of problem, use experience.

59
Q

Explain autokinesis

A

Occurs when few visual cues are available - an object appears to move when fixated on for more than 5-6 seconds. Avoid fixation and maintain proper scan

60
Q

Explain Reversible Perspective

A

Silhouette of an object appears same from front or back, unable to tell if object is moving toward or away from viewer. Maintain proper scan, remember 3 Rs (Red on Right is Returning)

H-60M Blackhawk (12 decks)

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