Nutritionists perspective

Question 1

Which is the most widely used drug?

Answer 1

Alcohol, duh

Question 2

what type of nutrient is alcohol?

Answer 2

non-essential nutrient

Question 3

how much absorption of alcohol takes place in the stomach?

Answer 3

20%

Question 4

How does the absorption of alcohol occur in the small intestine?

Answer 4

passive diffusion

Question 5

how is alcohol excreted?

Answer 5

via the lungs, sweat and urine

Question 6

how much is excreted by the lungs?

Answer 6

1-5%

Question 7

how much is excreted by sweating?

Answer 7

<0.5%

Question 8

how much is excreted by urine?

Answer 8

0.5-2%

Question 9

Where is the primary metabolism site for alcohol?

Answer 9

liver

Question 10

How is alcohol removed from the blood?

Answer 10

by oxidation

Question 11

What does BAC stand for?

Answer 11

Blood alcohol concentration

Question 12

what influences BAC (6)?

Answer 12

gender
race
chronic use
drinking pattern
food
medication

Question 13

what are the physiological processes involved in alcohol?

Answer 13

Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion

Question 14

what removes alcohol from the blood?

Answer 14

Time

Question 15

If a man and a woman drink the same amount and weigh the same why does the woman get more pissed?

Answer 15

more fat on their body and therefore, less water

Question 16

how does food affect BAC?

Answer 16

reduces absorption and increases elimination

Question 17

When does BAC peak?

Answer 17

30-60 mins after consumption

Question 18

how many calories are in 1g of alcohol?

Answer 18

7 kcal

Question 19

How many units a week are recommended for men?

Answer 19

14 units

Question 20

How many units a week are recommended for women?

Answer 20

14 units

Question 21

What water soluble vitamin deficiencies are associated with alcohol? (3)

Answer 21

folate
B12
Nicacin

Question 22

What fat soluble vitamin deficiencies are associated with alcohol? (1)

Answer 22

vitamin A

Question 23

What mineral deficiencies are associated with alcohol?

2

Answer 23

Calcium

Zinc

Question 24

by what mechanisms does alcohol cause deficiencies? (3)

Answer 24

decreases secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile
damage to gut lining
decreased stores of vitamins in the liver (e.g. vit A)

Question 25

How does alcohol affect nutritional status? (2)

Answer 25

impaired appetite and malnutrition

Question 26

What vitamin is a thiamine deficiency associated with?

Answer 26

B1

Question 27

What is vitamin B1 needed for? (3)

Answer 27

membranes nerve conduction ATP production

Question 28

Why do levels of thiamine decrease in response to alcohol? (4)

Answer 28

decreased conversion by coenzyme decreased storage inhibition of intestinal absorption increased demand

Question 29

What are the 3 different types of thiamine deficiency?

Answer 29

Dry beri-beri wet beri-beri Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Question 30

What is Dry beri-beri?

Answer 30

Neurological condition where the patient experiences weakness and neuropathy

Question 31

What is Wet beri-beri?

Answer 31

cardiovascular condition that causes increased heart rate and SOB

Question 32

What is Wernicke encephalopathy?

Answer 32

a neurological disease that results in ataxia and ocular abnormalities

Question 33

what is Korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 33

a mental disorder resulting in retrograde (progressing to anterograde) amnesia and confabulation

Question 34

is Wernicke encephalopathy reversible?

Answer 34

in the early stages yes

Question 35

is Korsakoff syndrome reversible?

Answer 35

mostly not

Question 36

Which 6 cancers have alcohol as a risk factor?

Answer 36

breast, bowel, liver, moth/throat, oesophageal, stomach

Question 37

what are the four mechanisms by which the risk of cancer is increased by alcohol?

Answer 37

carcinogenic breakdown alcohol being a solvent combined effect with oestrogen vitamin deficiency

Question 38

What can result if a pregnant mother drinks?

Answer 38

miscarriage, premature baby, foetal alcohol spectrum disorder, foetal alcohol syndrome

Question 39

what are the signs of foetal alcohol syndrome?

Answer 39

small eyes | thin upper lip

Question 40

How much can you drink if you are breastfeeding?

Answer 40

1-2 units, twice a week