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CLASP alcohol > Nutritionists perspective > Flashcards

Nutritionists perspective Flashcards

1
Q

Which is the most widely used drug?

A

Alcohol, duh

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2
Q

what type of nutrient is alcohol?

A

non-essential nutrient

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3
Q

how much absorption of alcohol takes place in the stomach?

A

20%

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4
Q

How does the absorption of alcohol occur in the small intestine?

A

passive diffusion

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5
Q

how is alcohol excreted?

A

via the lungs, sweat and urine

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6
Q

how much is excreted by the lungs?

A

1-5%

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7
Q

how much is excreted by sweating?

A

<0.5%

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8
Q

how much is excreted by urine?

A

0.5-2%

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9
Q

Where is the primary metabolism site for alcohol?

A

liver

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10
Q

How is alcohol removed from the blood?

A

by oxidation

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11
Q

What does BAC stand for?

A

Blood alcohol concentration

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12
Q

what influences BAC (6)?

A 
gender
race
chronic use
drinking pattern
food
medication
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13
Q

what are the physiological processes involved in alcohol?

A

Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion

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14
Q

what removes alcohol from the blood?

A

Time

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15
Q

If a man and a woman drink the same amount and weigh the same why does the woman get more pissed?

A

more fat on their body and therefore, less water

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16
Q

how does food affect BAC?

A

reduces absorption and increases elimination

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17
Q

When does BAC peak?

A

30-60 mins after consumption

18
Q

how many calories are in 1g of alcohol?

A

7 kcal

19
Q

How many units a week are recommended for men?

A

14 units

20
Q

How many units a week are recommended for women?

A

14 units

21
Q

What water soluble vitamin deficiencies are associated with alcohol? (3)

A

folate
B12
Nicacin

22
Q

What fat soluble vitamin deficiencies are associated with alcohol? (1)

A

vitamin A

23
Q

What mineral deficiencies are associated with alcohol?

2

A

Calcium

Zinc

24
Q

by what mechanisms does alcohol cause deficiencies? (3)

A

decreases secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile
damage to gut lining
decreased stores of vitamins in the liver (e.g. vit A)

25
Q

How does alcohol affect nutritional status? (2)

A

impaired appetite and malnutrition

26
Q

What vitamin is a thiamine deficiency associated with?

A

B1

27
Q

What is vitamin B1 needed for? (3)

A

membranes
nerve conduction
ATP production

28
Q

Why do levels of thiamine decrease in response to alcohol? (4)

A

decreased conversion by coenzyme
decreased storage
inhibition of intestinal absorption
increased demand

29
Q

What are the 3 different types of thiamine deficiency?

A

Dry beri-beri
wet beri-beri
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

30
Q

What is Dry beri-beri?

A

Neurological condition where the patient experiences weakness and neuropathy

31
Q

What is Wet beri-beri?

A

cardiovascular condition that causes increased heart rate and SOB

32
Q

What is Wernicke encephalopathy?

A

a neurological disease that results in ataxia and ocular abnormalities

33
Q

what is Korsakoff syndrome?

A

a mental disorder resulting in retrograde (progressing to anterograde) amnesia and confabulation

34
Q

is Wernicke encephalopathy reversible?

A

in the early stages yes

35
Q

is Korsakoff syndrome reversible?

A

mostly not

36
Q

Which 6 cancers have alcohol as a risk factor?

A

breast, bowel, liver, moth/throat, oesophageal, stomach

37
Q

what are the four mechanisms by which the risk of cancer is increased by alcohol?

A

carcinogenic breakdown
alcohol being a solvent
combined effect with oestrogen
vitamin deficiency

38
Q

What can result if a pregnant mother drinks?

A

miscarriage, premature baby, foetal alcohol spectrum disorder, foetal alcohol syndrome

39
Q

what are the signs of foetal alcohol syndrome?

A

small eyes

thin upper lip

40
Q

How much can you drink if you are breastfeeding?

A

1-2 units, twice a week

CLASP alcohol (7 decks)

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