Nutritional workshop

Question 1

effect of lifestyle factors on CVS risk?

Answer 1

-lipids:

less sat fat = more

Question 2

lifestyle recommendation for primary and secondary prevention of CVD?

Answer 2

• have Mediterranean style diet (olive oil, nuts help)-total fat should be <30% total energy
• sat fat should be <7% energy
• replace SFA with mono/ poly-unsaturated fatty acids (olive /rapeseed oils = mono) (oily fish, linseed, rapeseed, walnuts, green leafy veg = poly)
• reduce trans fatty acid intake
• eat at least 2 portions of fish week , including 1 oily
• eat at least 4-5 portions of unsalted nuts, seeds or legumes a week (current in Scotland is only 3g/day)
• eat at least 5 a day
• choose wholegrain varieties of starchy food
• reduce salt intake to <6g/day

Question 3

common dietary sources of salt?

Answer 3

bread, cheese, meat

75% of salt intake already in food we buy

Question 4

what can be used to assess nutrition and give healthy eating advice?

Answer 4

eatwell plate

Question 5

why not just take a statin?

Answer 5

• diet reduces need for higher statin doses

- dietary intervention has many health benefits

Question 6

how do plant sterols and stanols affect cholesterol absorption and LDL levels?

Answer 6

-similar structure to cholesterol and so inhibit absorption
-occur naturally in fruit, veg, nuts, seeds, grain products, veg oil
-not synthesised in body
-lower LDL by 15%
2mg needed daily to lower cholesterol

Question 7

what can be used to assess nutrition and give healthy eating advice?

Answer 7

eatwell plate
food diary
food frequency questionnaire
24hr recall

Question 8

which food groups make up the eatwell plate?

Answer 8

• potatoes, bread, rice, starchy carbohydrates
• fruit and veg
• dairy and alternatives
• beans, pulses, fish, eggs, meat, other proteins
• oils and spreads

Question 9

food labelling?

Answer 9

traffic colour coding sometimes

Question 10

Effect of trans fatty acids?

Answer 10

raises LDL, reduces HDL
(so bad for you)
intake should be less than 2% energy (UK intake = 0.5%, higher in fast food eaters)

Question 11

Sources of trans fatty acids (which are bad for you)?

Answer 11

• natural = meat and dairy (low levels)

- industry produced (IPTFA) = foods which contain hydrogenated vegetable oil

Question 12

alcohol guidelines?

Answer 12

male/ female = no more than 14 units a week (spread over 3 or more days)
light to moderate intake can reduce CDH risk

Question 13

what is the healthy BMI range?

Answer 13

-18.5 to 25 kb/m2

Question 14

recommendations for physical activity?

Answer 14

• 150mins moderate intensity/ week
• OR 75 mins of vigorous
• twice a week improve muscle strength
• for older adults: incorporate balance and coordination
• minimise time spent sitting
• psot MI: build up exercise to slight breathlessness