Nutritional Requirements Flashcards
Nutrition and growth during ___ predict adult stature amd some health outcomes
First 3 yrs of life
Leading cause of acquired immunodeficiency
Malnutrition and undernutrition
3 components of energy expenditure
BMR, thermal effect of food, energy for physical activity
Average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain energy and balance in a healthy individual of a defined group
EER
Most calorically dense macronutrient
Fat
Calories provided by fat
9kcal/g
Dietary advice to optimize cardiovascular health should be dispensed for children starting what age
2 y/o
T/F Trans fat have no known beneficial effects in humans
T
Optimal fat fat intake should be ___ of total energy intake, ___ from saturated fat, ___ from trans fat, and ___ from cholesterol
<30%, <1/3, none, <300mg/day
Essential fatty acids
α-linolenic (ALA), and linoleic (LA)
Calories from protein
4kcal/g
Reference amino acid composition by which biologic quality is determined for infants
Breastmilk
Conditiona essential/indispensible amino acids for newborns because of enzyme immaturity
Cysteine, tyrosine, arginine (CAT)
Single amino acid in a food protein source that is low or absent but is required to support normal metabolism
Limiting nutrient
Limiting amino acid in soy-based formula
Methionine
Calories in carbohydrates
4kcal/g
Organs that depend most on glucose as an energy substrate
CNS and erythrocytes
Dietary carbohydrate requirements are based on
Estimated brain requirements
A measure of the area under the curve of blood sugar over time (2 hours) following ingestion against the reference standard
Glycemic index
Low glycemic index foods are recommended and can reduce the risk of
Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease
Best characterized nondigestible carbohydrates derived mostly from plant sources
Dietary fiber
Dietary fibber reach the colon nearly ___% intact
100
Important by-product of colonic fermentation of dietary fiber that act as fuel for colonocyte
SCFAs acetate, butyrate, and proprionate
Preferred fuel for the colonocyte derived from dietary fiber fermentation in the colon
Butyrate
Nutrients which are present in lower amounts in infant formula but are more bioavailable and sufficient to meet infant needs until 4-6 months of age
Iron and zinc
T/F Breastmilk is rich in vitamin D
F, POOR
The AAP recommends daily supplementation ___ IU vitamin D in all children who are ingesting <1000 L/day of vitamin D-fortified milk
400
