Nutritional Requirements

Question 1

Nutrition and growth during ___ predict adult stature amd some health outcomes

Answer 1

First 3 yrs of life

Question 2

Leading cause of acquired immunodeficiency

Answer 2

Malnutrition and undernutrition

Question 3

3 components of energy expenditure

Answer 3

BMR, thermal effect of food, energy for physical activity

Question 4

Average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain energy and balance in a healthy individual of a defined group

Answer 4

EER

Question 5

Most calorically dense macronutrient

Answer 5

Fat

Question 6

Calories provided by fat

Answer 6

9kcal/g

Question 7

Dietary advice to optimize cardiovascular health should be dispensed for children starting what age

Answer 7

2 y/o

Question 8

T/F Trans fat have no known beneficial effects in humans

Answer 8

T

Question 9

Optimal fat fat intake should be ___ of total energy intake, ___ from saturated fat, ___ from trans fat, and ___ from cholesterol

Answer 9

<30%, <1/3, none, <300mg/day

Question 10

Essential fatty acids

Answer 10

α-linolenic (ALA), and linoleic (LA)

Question 11

Calories from protein

Answer 11

4kcal/g

Question 12

Reference amino acid composition by which biologic quality is determined for infants

Answer 12

Breastmilk

Question 13

Conditiona essential/indispensible amino acids for newborns because of enzyme immaturity

Answer 13

Cysteine, tyrosine, arginine (CAT)

Question 14

Single amino acid in a food protein source that is low or absent but is required to support normal metabolism

Answer 14

Limiting nutrient

Question 15

Limiting amino acid in soy-based formula

Answer 15

Methionine

Question 16

Calories in carbohydrates

Answer 16

4kcal/g

Question 17

Organs that depend most on glucose as an energy substrate

Answer 17

CNS and erythrocytes

Question 18

Dietary carbohydrate requirements are based on

Answer 18

Estimated brain requirements

Question 19

A measure of the area under the curve of blood sugar over time (2 hours) following ingestion against the reference standard

Answer 19

Glycemic index

Question 20

Low glycemic index foods are recommended and can reduce the risk of

Answer 20

Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease

Question 21

Best characterized nondigestible carbohydrates derived mostly from plant sources

Answer 21

Dietary fiber

Question 22

Dietary fibber reach the colon nearly ___% intact

Answer 22

100

Question 23

Important by-product of colonic fermentation of dietary fiber that act as fuel for colonocyte

Answer 23

SCFAs acetate, butyrate, and proprionate

Question 24

Preferred fuel for the colonocyte derived from dietary fiber fermentation in the colon

Answer 24

Butyrate

Question 25

Nutrients which are present in lower amounts in infant formula but are more bioavailable and sufficient to meet infant needs until 4-6 months of age

Answer 25

Iron and zinc

Question 26

T/F Breastmilk is rich in vitamin D

Answer 26

F, POOR

Question 27

The AAP recommends daily supplementation ___ IU vitamin D in all children who are ingesting <1000 L/day of vitamin D-fortified milk

Answer 27

400