Nutritional Pathology

Question 1

What is the kwashiorkor?

Answer 1

A form of malnutrition in children caused by a diet deficient in protein alone.

Question 2

When does kwashiorkor apprear?

Answer 2

It appears in children after weaning (stoppage of breast feeding) without replacement.

Question 3

Kwashiorkor characters:

Answer 3

Growth failure and muscle wasting
Severe oedema.
Low serum albumin》oedema and ascites.
Severe Fatty liver》hepatomegaly
anaemia, hypokalemia & hyponatremia.
Skin is scaly, the hair loses its natural color

Question 4

Marasmus?

Answer 4

Deficiency in all elements of the diet.

Question 5

Marasmus characters:

Answer 5

Low pulse, low BP and low tmp.
Severe emaciation, no oedema.
Wrinkled skin with the child looking like an old person
Loss of hair
Normal serum albumin
Diarrhea
Hypokalemia and hyponatremia

Question 6

Vit A deficiency:

Answer 6

Night blindness, sq metaplasia

Xerophthalmia, keratomalacia in cornea, urinary tract stones.

Question 7

Vit B deficiency:

Answer 7

Beri-beri, neuropathy, korsakoff psychosis, wernicke’s encephalopathy.

Question 8

Vit B2 (riboflavi) deficiency:

Answer 8

Mucosal fissuring

Question 9

Vit B6 (pyridoxin) deficiency:

Answer 9

Confusion, neuropathy, glossitis, sideroblastic anaemia.

Question 10

Vit B12 (Cobalamine) deficiency :

Answer 10

Megaloblastic anaemia, subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord.

Question 11

Niacin ( nicotine acid) deficiency:

Answer 11

Pellegra (3Ds)

Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia.

Question 12

Folate deficiency:

Answer 12

Megaloblastic anaemia, mouth ulcers, villous atrophy of small intestine.

Question 13

Vit C (ascorbic acid) deficiency:

Answer 13

Scurvy, swollen & bleeding gums, bruises, bleeding, delayed wound healing.

Question 14

Vit D deficiency :

Answer 14

Rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults.

Question 15

Vit E deficiency :

Answer 15

neuropathy, anaemia.

Question 16

Vit K deficiency :

Answer 16

Blood coagulation defects.