Hemodynamic Disorders

Question 1

Bleeding from the nose

Answer 1

Epistaxis

Question 2

Coughing of blood:

Answer 2

Haemoptysis

Question 3

Vomiting of blood:

Answer 3

Haematemesis

Question 4

Blood in the urine;

Answer 4

Haematuriq

Question 5

Presence of dark blood (partialy digested blood) in stool:

Answer 5

Melena (tarry stool)

Question 6

Passage of red blood per rectum:

Answer 6

Hematochezia

Question 7

Excessive or prolonged menstrual bleeding:

Answer 7

Menorrhagia

Question 8

Def of hemorrhage:

Answer 8

Extravasation of blood from vessels into the extravascular space

Question 9

External hemorrhage:

Answer 9

Escape of blood outside the body

Question 10

Internal hemorrage:

Answer 10

Escape of blood inside the body cavities.

Question 11

Accumulation of blood in pleural cavity:

Answer 11

Hemothorax

Question 12

Accumulation of blood in pericardial cavity:

Answer 12

Hemopericardium

Question 13

Accumulation of blood in peritoneal cavity:

Answer 13

Hemoperitoneum

Question 14

Hemorrhafe into joint cavity

Answer 14

Hemarthrosis
E.g –> hemophilia

Question 15

Petechiae:

Answer 15

(Small spot) minut (1to2mm) hemorrhages into skin, mucous membranes, or serosal surfaces.

Question 16

Purpura

Answer 16

Slightly larger than petechiae (3 to5mm) hemorrhages

Question 17

Ecchymosis : large (1 to 2cm) blotchy hemorrhage in the skin e.g bruises.

Question 18

Hematoma:

Answer 18

Local collection of blood in tissue
E.g retroperitoneal hematoma due to rapture of aorta.

Question 19

Def of thrombosis

Answer 19

Is the formation of clot mass of blood within the non-interrupted cardiovascular system

Question 20

Virchow’s triad:

Answer 20

Endothelial injury
Alternation of BF (stasis or turbulence)
Blood hypercoagulability

Question 21

Fate of thrombus:

Answer 21

1.Dissolution : removed by fibrinolytic activity
2.Propagation and enlargemant causing obstruction of vessels
3.Embolization
4.organization and recanalization

Question 22

Def of embolism:

Answer 22

It is a detached intravascular solid, liquid or gaseous mass that is carried by the blood to a site distant from its point of origin.

Question 23

Def of infarction:

Answer 23

It is localized area of ischemic necrosis in an organ or tissue resulting most often from sudden reduction of its arterial supply or occasionally its venous drainage.

Question 24

Factots influencing the development of an infarct:

Answer 24

1.oxygen content blood.
2. Nature of blood supply.
3.rate of development of occlusion.
3.vulnerability of tissue to ischemia

Question 25

Fate of infarcts:

Answer 25

Most infarcts are replaced by scar tissue

Question 26

Def of shock

Answer 26

It is a state of systemic hypo-perfusion of cells and tissues caused by reduced cardiac output or by reduced effective cieculating blood volume.