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Food Technology > Nutritional Needs And Health > Flashcards

Nutritional Needs And Health Flashcards

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1
Q

What do vegans eat?

A

Plant based foods

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2
Q

What don’t vegetarians eat?

A

Meat & fish

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3
Q

What do lacto - ovo vegetarians eat?

A

Eggs & dairy

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4
Q

What do lacto vegetarians eat?

A

Dairy products

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5
Q

Why don’t people eat meat?

A

Religion, health, personal choice, allergy

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6
Q

What do people who don’t eat meat usually not have?

A

Iron

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7
Q

What are people with coeliac disease allergic to?

A

Gluten

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8
Q

What happens when people with coeliac disease when they eat gluten?

A

The gluten attacks healthy tissue and it damages the lining of the intestine which stops nutrients from being absorbed

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9
Q

How do people get coeliacs disease?

A

Hereditary or caused by environmental factors

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10
Q

Who are less likely to develop coeliac disease?

A

Breast fed babies

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11
Q

Where is gluten found?

A

Pasta, cakes & biscuits

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12
Q

What can’t people eat in/is lactose intolerance?

A

They can’t digest sugar in milk so can’t eat milk. Don’t have enough of the enzyme lactase (breaks lactose into 2 simple sugars - glucose & glactose).

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13
Q

What happens to people who have loctose intolerance?

A

The sugar in milk stays in the digestive system where it ferments and produces gas.

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of lactose intolerance?

A

Bloated stomach, diarrhoea & wind

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15
Q

How much of fibre are adults supposed to have a day?

A

30g

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16
Q

What does BMR stand for?

A

Basal metabolic rate

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17
Q

What is BMR?

A

The number of kilocalories needed to stay alive for 24 hours

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18
Q

How is BMR calculated?

A

Calculated from the amount of oxygen in your body. Measured in a lab. Measured when your warm and at complete rest

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19
Q

What increases BMR?

A

Exercise

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20
Q

What does PAL stand for?

A

Physical activity level

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21
Q

What is PAL?

A

Shows your daily activity level as a number

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22
Q

How is PAL calculated?

A

Calculated by the number of activities you do and how active you are.
Total energy expenditure
PAL = —————————————
Basal metabolic rate (24 hours)

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23
Q

What does PAL range from and to?

A

1.4 - 2.4

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24
Q

Name 6 factors needed for a balanced diet

A 
6 - 8 cups of water a day
Oily fish 2 a week
Don’t skip breakfast
No more than 6g of salt a day
Follow the eat well guide
Limit fruit juice
Eat more fruit and veg
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25
Q

How much have the size of ready meals gone up by?

A

24%

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26
Q

What do larger portions lead to?

A

Weight gain

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27
Q

What do bigger plates lead to?

A

Bigger portion sizes

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28
Q

What size portions do teenagers need?

A

Bigger portions

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29
Q

What do older people need?

A

Smaller portions

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30
Q

Name 3 things 1 - 4 year olds need?

A

Calcium and vitamin D for bones
A wide range of food
Snacks
Meal times need to be relaxing

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31
Q

Name 3 things 5 - 12 year olds need?

A 
Eat proper meals
Decrease snacking
Physically active everyday 
School meals - more variety 
Water
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32
Q

What fraction of 4-5 & 10-11 year olds are obese?

A 
4-5 = 1/5
10-11 = 1/3
33
Q

Do 5-12 year olds need bigger portions?

A

Yes as they are growing more

34
Q

Name 3 things that teenagers need?

A 
Regular meals
Minerals to reach peak bone mass
Fresh meals
Avoid fizzy drinks
Calcium & vitamin D
35
Q

Name 3 things that abducts need

A 
Iron
Vitamin C
Calcium
Fruit and veg
Vitamin D
36
Q

Name 3 things that geezers need

A

Less calories
More fluids
5 portions of fruit and veg
30g fibre

37
Q

What is harder to absorb as you get older?

A

Iron, calcium & B12

38
Q

What does your bone strength depend on?

A

Exposure to sunlight, exercise & diet

39
Q

What helps bone strength?

A

Vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus & fluoride

40
Q

When does your skeleton begin to grow?

A

When your in your womb

41
Q

When does your skeleton stop growing?

A

Late 20s

42
Q

What’s rickets?

A

Children who have weak & soft bones which causes them to change shape and how outwards as it can’t support their body weight

43
Q

Why has the rickets number increased?

A

Children aren’t going outside so aren’t getting enough vitamin D

44
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

Adults who have brittle bones due to lack of calcium. Prone to fractures

45
Q

Name 5 things that is important about dental health

A 
Use fluoride toothpaste
Under 7s need help with brushing
Brush for 2 minutes
Eat less sugar
Eat less chocolate, sweets & fizzy drinks
46
Q

How much sugary drink are you allowed to drink a day?

A

150 ml

47
Q 
How much sugar are
3
4-5
7-10
11+
Year olds allowed
A

No added sugar
19g
24g
30g

48
Q

How does tooth decay happen?

A

Plaque & gums contain bacteria.
Sugar + bacteria = acid
Acid attacks your teeth

49
Q

How many adults / children are obese?

A

1/4 adults

1/5 children

50
Q

What’s BMI & how’s it calculated & what’s it used for?

A 
Body mass index.
                            Weight (kg)
          BMI = ———————-
                          Height (m2)
Sees wether your healthy or overweight
51
Q

What problems are linked with obesity?

A

Type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, some cancer, authiritis & depression

52
Q

How do you treat obesity?

A

Lose weight & follow the eat well guide

53
Q

Ho long should adults & children exercise for?

A

4 hours per week - adults

1 hour a day - children

54
Q

What’s cardiovascular disease?

A

Heart & blood vessel disease

55
Q

What are the 2 main types of cardiovascular disease?

A

Coronary heart disease & stroke

56
Q

How does a heart disease occur?

A

Eating to much fat. Narrows blood vessels

57
Q

How does CHD happen?

A

To much fat in the diet. Blood vessels blocked

58
Q

How does a stroke occur?

A

To much fat in the diet. Narrows blood vessels so blood can’t get to the brain.

59
Q

What increases the risk of cardiovascular disease?

A

High blood pressure, smoking, high blood cholesterol, diabetes, no exercise, a relative with it, ethnic background & being obese

60
Q

How do you reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease?

A

Follow the eat well guide, not much alcohol & no smoking

61
Q

What’s high blood pressure?

A

Higher than normal force of blood pushing against your arteries

62
Q

What causes high blood pressure?

A

To much salt, age, family history, lack of exercise, smoking, obese, drinking a lot of alcohol

63
Q

How do you prevent high blood pressure?

A

Less salt, exercise, lose weight, don’t smoke, drink alcohol in moderation

64
Q

What’s anaemia?

A

Not enough iron which leads to a lack of red blood cells which leads to a lack of oxygen

65
Q

What are the symptoms of anaemia?

A

Tiredness, dizziness,fainting,shortness of breath & cracked lips

66
Q

What causes anaemia?

A

Pregnancy, periods &old age

67
Q

How do you treat anaemia?

A

Iron tablets, vitamin c, red meat & kale

68
Q

What’s type 2 diabetes?

A

High sugar in blood. Once you have it you have it for life. Very common.

69
Q

What causes type 2 diabetes?

A

Overweight, over 40, eat fatty foods & don’t exercise regularly

70
Q

What are the symptoms of type 2 diabetes?

A

They are mild. Tired all the time, feeling thirst & peeing a lot

71
Q

What can you eat to prevent diabetes?

A

Starch - releases sugar more slowly

72
Q

Can the condition cause other health problems?

A

Yes

73
Q

Name 5 ways to save money when shopping

A 
Shop round
Plan meals
Go on price comparison site
Find special offers
Shop online as it avoids pester power
Don’t pay attention to advertising as it persuades you to buy stuff you don’t want
74
Q

What’s energy needed for/ where’s it found/ and what’s it measured in.

A

Everything, carbohydrates/food & kalories

75
Q

What decides how many kalories you need?

A

Age, gender & activity

76
Q

Why is fat stored round your body?

A

As it has to break it down before it can be used

77
Q

How do you know if food is healthy?

A

Labels on packages

Nutritional analysis tables

78
Q

How do you make food healthy?

A

Swap ingredients

Food Technology (6 decks)

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