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Food Technology > Nutrients,vitamins & Minerals > Flashcards

Nutrients,vitamins & Minerals Flashcards

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1
Q

What are macronutrients?

A

Nutrients that need to be eaten in large amounts

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2
Q

What are micronutrients?

A

Nutrients that need to be eaten in small amounts

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3
Q

What are the functions of protein?

A

Growth, repair & maintenance of all body tissue

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4
Q

What are the sources of protein?

A

Meat, fish, eggs, soybeans, quinoa & soya products

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5
Q

What happens if u eat to much protein?

A

It’s harmful to your kidney & liver

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6
Q

What’s the deficiency of protein?

A

Kwashiorkor

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7
Q

What are proteins made of?

A

Amino acids

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8
Q

What is it called if they do or don’t have all 8 essential amino acids?

A 
Do = HBVs ~ normally animal sources
Don’t = LBVs ~ normally plant sources
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9
Q

What is protein complementation?

A

Putting to things together that don’t have all amino acids together so they do
e.g beans on toast

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10
Q

What are the 3 different types of carbohydrates?

A

Sugar, starch & fibre

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11
Q

What are the free sugar sources?

A

Demerer sugar, caster sugar & granulated sugar

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12
Q

What can to much sugar cause?

A

Obesity & tooth decay

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13
Q

What is maltidextrin and where can it be found?

A

Hidden sugars & it’s found in bread

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14
Q

What is polysaccharides and what is it made up of?

A

Starch & it’s made up of glucose joined together

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15
Q

Can fibre be broken down by the digestive system?

A

No

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16
Q

What’s fibre needed for?

A

Keeping the digestive health, helping weight control, preventing bowl disease & lowering cholesterol level

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17
Q

What happens if you don’t eat enough fibre?

A

Increase in risk of bowl cancer & constipation

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18
Q

What happens if you eat to much fibre?

A

Reduces your body’s absorb calcium and iron & makes it less likely to absorb minerals in the intestine

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19
Q

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

A

Provides energy & acts as a protein sparer

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20
Q

What is the function of fat?

A

Keeps the body warm, makes body cells, protects organs like kidneys & provides vitamins A, D, E & K

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21
Q

Where is fat found?

A

Butter, milk, olive oil, avocados & sunflower oil

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22
Q

What happens if you eat to much fat?

A

Gain weight, higher risk of heart disease and stroke

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23
Q

What happens if you don’t eat enough fat?

A

Weight loss, may be deficient in vitamin A, D, E & K, no protection from heart disease

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24
Q

What is the difference between saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated & polyunsaturated fat?

A

Saturated - all single bonds
Unsaturated - 1 or more double bonds
Monounsaturated - 1 double bond
Polyunsaturated - 2 or more double bonds

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25
Q

What is hydrogenation?

A

When oils are hardened to make them solid at room temperature. Double bonds become single bonds

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26
Q

How much of your energy should be fat

A

11%

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27
Q

What can good cholesterol do?

A

Protect against heart disease

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28
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

A, D, E & K

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29
Q

What vitamins are antioxidants?

A

A, C & E

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30
Q

What are the functions of vitamin A

A

Eyesight, making sure skin is healthy, growth and development of the body

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31
Q

Where is vitamin A found?

A

Eggs, oily fish, butter & cheese

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32
Q

What happens if you don’t have enough vitamin A?

A

Night blindness - if not treated can lead to blindness

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33
Q

What happens if you eat to much vitamin A?

A

May harm a developing baby

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34
Q

What are the functions of vitamin D?

A

Maintaining bonds & teeth, prevents bone diseases & heals broken bones. Also works along side calcium

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35
Q

Where is vitamin D found?

A

Butter, sun, milk, liver & eggs

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36
Q

What is the deficiency of vitamin D?

A

Rickets

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37
Q

What happens if you eat to much vitamin D?

A

Nothing

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38
Q

What is the function if vitamin E?

A

Forms red blood cells, antioxidant

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39
Q

Where is vitamin E found?

A

Nuts, egg yolk, seed & soya

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40
Q

What can to much vitamin E cause?

A

Loss of appetite

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41
Q

What can not enough of vitamin E cause?

A

Nothing - very rare

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42
Q

What is the function of vitamin K?

A

Maintains bone health

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43
Q

Where can vitamin k be found?

A

Cereals, vegetable oil, peas and broccoli

44
Q

What can not enough vitamin K cause?

A

Bruising and bleeding

45
Q

What can to much vitamin k cause?

A

Nothing

46
Q

What is thiamin

A

Vitamin B1

47
Q

What is the function of Vitamin B1

A

Helps the nervous system, works with other B vitamins to release energy

48
Q

Where can vitamin B1 be found?

A

Liver, milk, cheese bread and eggs

49
Q

What happens if you don’t have enough vitamin B1

A

Beri beri

50
Q

What happens if you have to much B1?

A

Nothing - very rare

51
Q

What is Riboflauin?

A

Vitamin B2

52
Q

What is the function of vitamin B2?

A

Keeps skin, eyes, nervous system healthy & helps release energy with other Bgroup vitamins

53
Q

Where is vitamin B2 found?

A

Chicken, egg, milk & fish

54
Q

What happens if you don’t have enough B2?

A

Dry skin, cracked lips, poor growth in children & skin problems

55
Q

What happens if you eat to much B2?

A

Nothing is known

56
Q

What is niacin?

A

Vitamin B3

57
Q

What is the function of B3?

A

Keeps skin and nervous system healthy & helps other B group vitamins release energy

58
Q

Where is B3 found?

A

Fish, flour, eggs & milk

59
Q

What happens if you don’t have enough B3?

A

Pellagra

60
Q

What happens if you have to much B3?

A

Liver damage

61
Q

What is the function of folic acid?

A

Reduces birth defects & forms healthy red blood cells

62
Q

Where is folic acid found?

A

Broccoli, Brussels sprouts & chickpeas

63
Q

What happens if you have to much folic acid?

A

Nothing

64
Q

What happens if you don’t have enough folic acid?

A

Increases risk of spina bifida

65
Q

What is the function of vitamin B12?

A

Maintains nerve cells, makes red blood cells & helps other B vitamins release energy

66
Q

Where is B12 found?

A

Meat, egg, milk & salmon

67
Q

What happens if you don’t have enough B12?

A

Pernicious anaemia

68
Q

What happens if you have to much B12?

A

Nothing that is known

69
Q

What is ascorbic acid?

A

Vitamin C

70
Q

What is the function of vitamin C?

A

Antioxidant, helps absorb iron, healthy connective tissue & helps wounds to heal

71
Q

Where is vitamin C found?

A

Citrus fruits, black currents & peppers

72
Q

What happens if you have to much vitamin C?

A

Diarrhoea

73
Q

What happens if you don’t have enough vitamin C?

A

Scurvy

74
Q

What do antioxidants do?

A

Protects healthy cells that are damaged from free radicals

75
Q

What do antioxidants and free radicals have in common?

A

Both are chemicals

76
Q

What happens if you have a lot of free radicals?

A

More vulnerable to heart disease and some cancers

77
Q

What is the function of water?

A

Cools the body, removes waste from the body & helps the body use the food you eat

78
Q

How much water do we need a day?

A

1.5 - 2litres

79
Q

How long can we survive for without water?

A

A few days

80
Q

What happens if we don’t have enough water?

A

Dark urine, headaches & lack of energy

81
Q

What happens if you have to much water?

A

Nothing

82
Q

How does water leave your body?

A

Breathing, going to the loo & sweating

83
Q

How much of our body is water?

A

70%

84
Q

What is the function of calcium?

A

Helps to build strong bones and teeth, controls muscle contractions & ensures blood clots normally

85
Q

Where is calcium found?

A

Nuts, milk, tofu, oily fish & cheese

86
Q

What happens if you don’t have enough calcium?

A

Rickets - children

Osteoporosis - adults

87
Q

What happens if you have to much calcium?

A

Stomach pain & diorrhea

88
Q

What is the function of iron?

A

Makes red blood cells

89
Q

Where is iron found?

A

Liver, beans, milk & eggs

90
Q

What happens if you don’t have enough iron?

A

Anaemia

91
Q

What happens if you have to much iron?

A

Stomach pain, constipation & feel sick

92
Q

What is the function of sodium?

A

Keeping the level of water in your body

93
Q

Where is sodium found?

A

Ready meals, tinned foods, bacon & bread

94
Q

What happens if you have to much sodium?

A

Increase in blood pressure - raises risk of stroke & heart attack

95
Q

What happens if you don’t have enough sodium?

A

Muscle cramps

96
Q

What are the functions of fluoride?

A

Helps prevent tooth decay, strengthens the enamel & supports bone health

97
Q

Where is fluoride found?

A

Water, fish, & seafood

98
Q

What happens if you have to much fluoride?

A

Staining & pits to develop on teeth

99
Q

What happens if you don’t have enough fluoride?

A

Tooth decay

100
Q

What are the functions of iodine?

A

Makes the hormone thyroxine which maintains a healthy metabolic rate.

101
Q

Where is iodine found?

A

Read meat, cereals, grains & sea fish

102
Q

What happens if you have to much iodine?

A

Affects thyroid gland - leads to weight gain

103
Q

What happens if you don’t have enough iodine?

A

Goitre - swelling of thyroid gland

104
Q

What are the functions of phosphorus?

A

Maintains bones and teeth & releases energy from food

105
Q

Where is phosphorus found?

A

Red meat, dairy foods & fish

106
Q

What happens if you have to much phosphorus?

A

Reduces the amount of calcium leading to fractures

107
Q

What happens if you don’t have enough phosphorus?

A

Nothing as unlikely to be deficient

Food Technology (6 decks)

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