Nutritional Disorders

Question 1

What is protein energy malnutrition?

Answer 1

Protein energy malnutrition refers to a range of conditions that result from inadequate intake of protein and/or energy.

Question 2

What are the two main types of protein energy malnutrition?

Answer 2

The two main types of protein energy malnutrition are marasmus and kwashiorkor.

Question 3

True or False: Protein energy malnutrition is more common in developing countries.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What are some causes of protein energy malnutrition?

Answer 4

Causes of protein energy malnutrition include poverty, lack of access to food, and disease.

Question 5

What are some symptoms of marasmus?

Answer 5

Symptoms of marasmus include severe weight loss, muscle wasting, and fatigue.

Question 6

What are some symptoms of kwashiorkor?

Answer 6

Symptoms of kwashiorkor include edema (swelling), skin lesions, and changes in hair color.

Question 7

What are some complications of protein energy malnutrition?

Answer 7

Complications of protein energy malnutrition include impaired growth and development, weakened immune system, and organ damage.

Question 8

How is protein energy malnutrition diagnosed?

Answer 8

Protein energy malnutrition is diagnosed through physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests.

Question 9

What is the treatment for protein energy malnutrition?

Answer 9

Treatment for protein energy malnutrition involves nutritional rehabilitation, addressing underlying causes, and medical management of complications.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: Protein energy malnutrition results from inadequate intake of ________ and/or energy.

Answer 10

protein

Question 11

Which type of protein energy malnutrition is characterized by severe weight loss and muscle wasting?

Answer 11

Marasmus

Question 12

Which type of protein energy malnutrition is characterized by edema and skin lesions?

Answer 12

Kwashiorkor

Question 13

True or False: Protein energy malnutrition can lead to organ damage.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is one of the complications of protein energy malnutrition?

Answer 14

Impaired growth and development

Question 15

What are some risk factors for developing protein energy malnutrition?

Answer 15

Risk factors include poverty, lack of access to food, and chronic illness.

Question 16

What is the first step in diagnosing protein energy malnutrition?

Answer 16

Physical examination

Question 17

What is the primary goal of treatment for protein energy malnutrition?

Answer 17

Nutritional rehabilitation

Question 18

Fill in the blank: Kwashiorkor is characterized by edema, skin lesions, and changes in ________ color.

Answer 18

hair

Question 19

Which type of protein energy malnutrition is more common in areas with limited access to food?

Answer 19

Kwashiorkor

Question 20

True or False: Protein energy malnutrition primarily affects adults.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

What is the role of a healthcare professional in managing protein energy malnutrition?

Answer 21

Healthcare professionals play a key role in diagnosing, treating, and monitoring patients with protein energy malnutrition.

Question 22

What is the importance of early detection and intervention in protein energy malnutrition?

Answer 22

Early detection and intervention can prevent severe complications and improve outcomes for patients with protein energy malnutrition.

Question 23

True or False: Protein energy malnutrition can lead to weakened immune function.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What are some long-term effects of untreated protein energy malnutrition?

Answer 24

Long-term effects may include stunted growth, cognitive impairment, and increased risk of infections.

Question 25

Cachexia

Answer 25

Catabolic process leading from chronic disease Clinically similar to marasmus Not caused by nutrient deficiency Driven by cytokines TNF and interferons IL1 and IL6 secreted or in response to underlying conditions The patient is emaciated due to loss of body fat around arms, shoulders, thoracic wall and hands Reduction in skeletal muscle bulk deltoid and quadriceps Dependent edema

Question 26

Obesity

Answer 26

BMI>30kg/m^2 Overweight 25 - 29.9kg/m^2 High blood cholesterol leads to atherosclerosis Gastro-oesophagal reflux disease exacerbated Degenerative joint pain

Question 27

Metabolic syndrome

Answer 27

Pro-atherogenic low grade inflammatory syndrome Characterized by visceral obesity and hyperlipidemia Gives rise to type II diabetes mellitus Risk in middle aged inactive people Physical inability leads to chronic catabolic state in which insulin resistance develops as adaptation to decrease tissue energy requirements Adipokines release modulate inflammatory action Impaired endothelium action

Question 28

Primary nutritional deficiency

Answer 28

Due to decrease in food intake Can be selective or generalized

Question 29

Secondary nutritional deficiency

Answer 29

Due to decrease in food intake because of secondary illness Selective and global