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Pathology 2 > Nutritional Disorders > Flashcards

Nutritional Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is protein energy malnutrition?

A

Protein energy malnutrition refers to a range of conditions that result from inadequate intake of protein and/or energy.

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2
Q

What are the two main types of protein energy malnutrition?

A

The two main types of protein energy malnutrition are marasmus and kwashiorkor.

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3
Q

True or False: Protein energy malnutrition is more common in developing countries.

A

True

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4
Q

What are some causes of protein energy malnutrition?

A

Causes of protein energy malnutrition include poverty, lack of access to food, and disease.

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5
Q

What are some symptoms of marasmus?

A

Symptoms of marasmus include severe weight loss, muscle wasting, and fatigue.

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6
Q

What are some symptoms of kwashiorkor?

A

Symptoms of kwashiorkor include edema (swelling), skin lesions, and changes in hair color.

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7
Q

What are some complications of protein energy malnutrition?

A

Complications of protein energy malnutrition include impaired growth and development, weakened immune system, and organ damage.

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8
Q

How is protein energy malnutrition diagnosed?

A

Protein energy malnutrition is diagnosed through physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests.

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9
Q

What is the treatment for protein energy malnutrition?

A

Treatment for protein energy malnutrition involves nutritional rehabilitation, addressing underlying causes, and medical management of complications.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: Protein energy malnutrition results from inadequate intake of ________ and/or energy.

A

protein

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11
Q

Which type of protein energy malnutrition is characterized by severe weight loss and muscle wasting?

A

Marasmus

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12
Q

Which type of protein energy malnutrition is characterized by edema and skin lesions?

A

Kwashiorkor

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13
Q

True or False: Protein energy malnutrition can lead to organ damage.

A

True

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14
Q

What is one of the complications of protein energy malnutrition?

A

Impaired growth and development

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15
Q

What are some risk factors for developing protein energy malnutrition?

A

Risk factors include poverty, lack of access to food, and chronic illness.

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16
Q

What is the first step in diagnosing protein energy malnutrition?

A

Physical examination

17
Q

What is the primary goal of treatment for protein energy malnutrition?

A

Nutritional rehabilitation

18
Q

Fill in the blank: Kwashiorkor is characterized by edema, skin lesions, and changes in ________ color.

A

hair

19
Q

Which type of protein energy malnutrition is more common in areas with limited access to food?

A

Kwashiorkor

20
Q

True or False: Protein energy malnutrition primarily affects adults.

A

False

21
Q

What is the role of a healthcare professional in managing protein energy malnutrition?

A

Healthcare professionals play a key role in diagnosing, treating, and monitoring patients with protein energy malnutrition.

22
Q

What is the importance of early detection and intervention in protein energy malnutrition?

A

Early detection and intervention can prevent severe complications and improve outcomes for patients with protein energy malnutrition.

23
Q

True or False: Protein energy malnutrition can lead to weakened immune function.

A

True

24
Q

What are some long-term effects of untreated protein energy malnutrition?

A

Long-term effects may include stunted growth, cognitive impairment, and increased risk of infections.

25
Q

Cachexia

A

Catabolic process leading from chronic disease
Clinically similar to marasmus
Not caused by nutrient deficiency
Driven by cytokines TNF and interferons IL1 and IL6 secreted or in response to underlying conditions
The patient is emaciated due to loss of body fat around arms, shoulders, thoracic wall and hands
Reduction in skeletal muscle bulk deltoid and quadriceps
Dependent edema

26
Q

Obesity

A

BMI>30kg/m^2
Overweight 25 - 29.9kg/m^2
High blood cholesterol leads to atherosclerosis
Gastro-oesophagal reflux disease exacerbated
Degenerative joint pain

27
Q

Metabolic syndrome

A

Pro-atherogenic low grade inflammatory syndrome
Characterized by visceral obesity and hyperlipidemia
Gives rise to type II diabetes mellitus
Risk in middle aged inactive people
Physical inability leads to chronic catabolic state in which insulin resistance develops as adaptation to decrease tissue energy requirements
Adipokines release modulate inflammatory action
Impaired endothelium action

28
Q

Primary nutritional deficiency

A

Due to decrease in food intake
Can be selective or generalized

29
Q

Secondary nutritional deficiency

A

Due to decrease in food intake because of secondary illness
Selective and global

Pathology 2 (11 decks)

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