Cellular Basis Of Disease

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

Adaptation of cells to stress

Question 2

Hpertrophy

Answer 2

Increase in cell size resulting in growth of organ size

Question 3

Hyperplasia

Answer 3

Increase in cell number from normal stimuli or abnormal stimuli

Question 4

Dysplasia

Answer 4

Unregulated cell growth

Question 5

Atrophy

Answer 5

Decrease in cell size

Question 6

Hypoplasia

Answer 6

Not enough cell growth or cell started at improper size

Question 7

Metaplasia

Answer 7

Change from 1 cell type to the next or normal cell in abnormal place

Question 8

Increase demand results in

Answer 8

Hyperplasia
Hypertrophy

Question 9

Decrease demand what will result

Answer 9

Atrophy

Question 10

Name different cell types

Answer 10

Labile cell
Stem cell
Permanent cell
Stable cells

Question 11

Stem cells

Answer 11

Progenitor cells that have potential to form any tissue type
Respond to local hormones and cytokinesis to yield cells appropriate to place generated

Question 12

Labile cells

Answer 12

Readily regenerate
Proliferate through out life

Question 13

Stabile cells

Answer 13

Regenerate if necessary
Limited proliferation

Question 14

Permanent cells

Answer 14

Little to no regeneration

Question 15

Epithelium

Answer 15

Derived from embryonal ectoderm
Lines surface of body
Heals quick
Constantly regenerate

Question 16

Types of epithelium tissue

Answer 16

Squamous epithelium
Pseudostratified epithelium
Glandular epithelium

Question 17

Squamous epithelium

Answer 17

Functions as a barrier to protect against friction
Stratified squamous epithelium covers skin, pharynx, tongue, oesophagus,anus,vagina,external auditory canal. May be keratinised
Simple squamous epithelium forms mesothelium lining, pleural and peritoneal cavities

Question 18

Pseudostratified epithelium

Answer 18

Lines urinary tract and are umbrella cells that maintain integrity of surface on stretching to accumulate urine

Question 19

Glandular epithelium

Answer 19

Lines secretory organs
Functions in secretion(specialized and non specialized), ion transfer and clearance

Question 20

Neuroectodermal derived tissue

Answer 20

Form central and peripheral nervous system
Scattered neuroendocrine cells populate epithelial and secrete site specific substance

Question 21

Connective tissue types

Answer 21

Form structural tissue
Adipo-
Osteo-
Fibro-
Chondro-
Leio-
Rhabdo)myo-
Myocardium-
Endothelium

Question 22

Adipo-

Answer 22

Stores lipids
Regenerate
May secrete or respond to cytokines

Question 23

Osteo-

Answer 23

Matrix has sparse osteocytes
Constantly remodelled by osteoblasts which lay down matrix
Osteoclasts resorb in response to physical stresses, hormones and heals excellently

Question 24

Fibro-

Answer 24

Acellular
Avascular
Collagenous tissue
Heals poorly

Question 25

Chondro-

Answer 25

Avascular matrix
Few chondrocytes embedded
Heals poorly

Question 26

Leio-

Answer 26

Forms walls of small and large blood vessels, lymphatics, uterine myometrium, vaginal wall, mascular layer of GI tract, respiratory and urological tracts
Heals by scarring
Regenerate

Question 27

Rhabdo) myo-

Answer 27

Forms voluntary muscles
Limited regeneration

Question 28

Myocardium

Answer 28

No regeneration

Question 29

Endothelium

Answer 29

Arises from blood islands of embryonal mesoderm
Different types line blood vessels, lymphatics, hepatic and splenic sinusoids
Readily regenerate

Question 30

Hemopoietic and lymphoreticular tissue

Answer 30

Generate blood vessels
Forms immune system

Question 31

Germ cells

Answer 31

Ovarian and testicular reproductive cells
Sperm constantly produced by testis
Ovum has a finite number from birth