Cellular Basis Of Disease Flashcards
Homeostasis
Adaptation of cells to stress
Hpertrophy
Increase in cell size resulting in growth of organ size
Hyperplasia
Increase in cell number from normal stimuli or abnormal stimuli
Dysplasia
Unregulated cell growth
Atrophy
Decrease in cell size
Hypoplasia
Not enough cell growth or cell started at improper size
Metaplasia
Change from 1 cell type to the next or normal cell in abnormal place
Increase demand results in
Hyperplasia
Hypertrophy
Decrease demand what will result
Atrophy
Name different cell types
Labile cell
Stem cell
Permanent cell
Stable cells
Stem cells
Progenitor cells that have potential to form any tissue type
Respond to local hormones and cytokinesis to yield cells appropriate to place generated
Labile cells
Readily regenerate
Proliferate through out life
Stabile cells
Regenerate if necessary
Limited proliferation
Permanent cells
Little to no regeneration
Epithelium
Derived from embryonal ectoderm
Lines surface of body
Heals quick
Constantly regenerate
Types of epithelium tissue
Squamous epithelium
Pseudostratified epithelium
Glandular epithelium
Squamous epithelium
Functions as a barrier to protect against friction
Stratified squamous epithelium covers skin, pharynx, tongue, oesophagus,anus,vagina,external auditory canal. May be keratinised
Simple squamous epithelium forms mesothelium lining, pleural and peritoneal cavities
Pseudostratified epithelium
Lines urinary tract and are umbrella cells that maintain integrity of surface on stretching to accumulate urine
Glandular epithelium
Lines secretory organs
Functions in secretion(specialized and non specialized), ion transfer and clearance
Neuroectodermal derived tissue
Form central and peripheral nervous system
Scattered neuroendocrine cells populate epithelial and secrete site specific substance
Connective tissue types
Form structural tissue
Adipo-
Osteo-
Fibro-
Chondro-
Leio-
Rhabdo)myo-
Myocardium-
Endothelium
Adipo-
Stores lipids
Regenerate
May secrete or respond to cytokines
Osteo-
Matrix has sparse osteocytes
Constantly remodelled by osteoblasts which lay down matrix
Osteoclasts resorb in response to physical stresses, hormones and heals excellently
Fibro-
Acellular
Avascular
Collagenous tissue
Heals poorly
Chondro-
Avascular matrix
Few chondrocytes embedded
Heals poorly
Leio-
Forms walls of small and large blood vessels, lymphatics, uterine myometrium, vaginal wall, mascular layer of GI tract, respiratory and urological tracts
Heals by scarring
Regenerate
Rhabdo) myo-
Forms voluntary muscles
Limited regeneration
Myocardium
No regeneration
Endothelium
Arises from blood islands of embryonal mesoderm
Different types line blood vessels, lymphatics, hepatic and splenic sinusoids
Readily regenerate
Hemopoietic and lymphoreticular tissue
Generate blood vessels
Forms immune system
Germ cells
Ovarian and testicular reproductive cells
Sperm constantly produced by testis
Ovum has a finite number from birth
