Nutritional Aspects Of CV Disease

Question 1

State some dietary components which are poor-atherogenic.

Answer 1

Cholesterol
Saturated FA
Trans FA
Sodium
Alcohol

Question 2

State some dietary components which are anti-atherogenic.

Answer 2

PUFA
Carbohydrate (CHO) rich diet
Non-starch polysaccharides (NSP)
Mono unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)

Question 3

What is the daily recommended saturated fat intake per day for men and for women?

Answer 3

Men 30g/day

Women 20g/day

Question 4

What is the maximum consumption recommended of trans fats per day?

Answer 4

No more than 2% of total daily energy - 5g/day

Question 5

What’s the recommended daily intake of sodium?

Answer 5

6g NaCl /day (2.3g Na)

Question 6

How many units of alcohol per week will raise blood pressure?

Answer 6

30 units/week

Question 7

Name a monounsaturated FA which is anti-atherogenic.

Answer 7

Oleic acid

Question 8

What beneficial effect does n-3 PUFA of marine origin have?

Answer 8

Powerful reducing effects on TAG plasma levels but minimal effects on LDL and HDL

Question 9

What beneficial effect does n-6 PUFA of plant origin have?

Answer 9

Lowers LDL and HDL cholesterol

Question 10

How does CHO rich diet reduce cardiovascular risk?

Answer 10

High CHO diet will reduce risk if CHD by reducing fat intake.

Question 11

What beneficial effects does non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) have?

Answer 11

Reduces cholesterol level
Beneficial effect on insulin secretion
Beneficial effects on gut health

Question 12

What vitamins/ antioxidants are associated with lower risk of CVD?

Answer 12

Se, Zn, Mn, carotenoids, (Bcarotene, Lutheran, lycopene) and vitamin C and E

Question 13

What anti-atherogen is found in fish oils?

Answer 13

N-3 PUFA

Question 14

Why does oats/barley/whole grains reduce risk of CVD?

Answer 14

They release beta glucan which decreases cholesterol/ bile acid absorption and increases cholesterol mobilization
Whole grains also impact on gut microbiota function and composition