Cardiomyopathy Flashcards
Describe what dilated cardiomyopathy is.
Dilatation and resulting functional impairment of all the chambers (can rarely cause impairment to one chamber)
In which cardiomyopathy is the ventricular function impaired?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
In which cardiomyopathy is the systolic function impaired?
Restrictive and infiltrate cardiomyopathy
(However it may not be impaired in some cases)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has some functional abnormality
In which cardiomyopathy does the ventricular wall have reduced compliance?
Restrictive and infiltrate
What can septal hypertrophy with mitral valve defect cause?
Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction
What is the main pathophysiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Impaired relaxation- systolic function is normally adequate with some functional abnormality
What is the measurement of wall thickness which indicates hypertrophy?
14mm
12mm in primary relative
In which cardiomyopathy is thrombosis formation in chambers uncommon?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
In familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, what is the gene defect?
Sarcomere gene defect
In familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, describe the prevalence in terms of genetics.
It is autosomal dominant
But there is variable expression and incomplete pen trance
50% chance inheriting the gene
But how it is expressed isn’t known until time passes
What are the causes of restrictive and infiltrate cardiomyopathy?
Infiltration
Non infiltrative
Storage diseases
Endomyocardial
What inherited disease can cause dilated cardiomyopathy?
Muscular dystrophy
In which cardiomyopathy could a patient develop LBBB?
Restrictive and infiltrate cardiomyopathy
What type can haemochromatosis cause?
Constrictive and infiltrate cardiomyopathy
What is the gene responsible for familial dilated cardiomyopathy?
SCN5A
In which type is a notched pulse found?
Hypertrophic CM
In which type of PND and orthopnoea found?
Dilated CM
In which type is the use of diuretics limited?
Restrictive and infiltrate
What type causes major oedema - peripheral, sacral and pulmonary?
Dilated CM
What test can be carried out to identify if Fabrys is the cause? And what type of CM can Fabrys disease cause?
Restrictive CM
Measure plasma alpha galactosidase levels as they are reduced in Fabrys disease
What can fabrys and amyloid cause in restrictive CM?
Iron overload
What is the surgical treatment if there is severe restrictive obstruction in hypertrophic CM?
Surgical or alcohol septal ablation
