Nutritional Animia Flashcards
anemia is defined
hemoglobin (Hb) levels <120 g/L in women and <130 g/L in men
Anemia affects ……
tissue oxygenation
Animia leads to ….
Organ Dysfunction
Clinical Consequences Of Anemia Depend On:
- Hemoglobin level
- The rapidity with which anemia developes
- Age of the patient
- Compensatory mechanisms of the body
What are Anemia Causes
● Blood Loss Anemia ● Decreased Production: -Nutritional deficiency anemias - Iron, B12, Folate - Marrow disease, malignancy, radiation ● Increased Destruction: -Hemolytic anemia
What are the Requirements for Red Blood Cell Production
● Erythropoeitin
● Amino acids, required for globin synthesis
● Iron
● Vitamin B12 and folic acid
● Vitamin B6
● Vitamin C
● Thyroid hormones, estrogens and androgens
Definition – Nutritional Anemia
A condition in which the hemoglobin content of blood is lower than normal as a result of a deficiency of one or more essential nutrients
…..The commonest type of anemia worldwide
Iron deficiency anemia
Cause Iron deficiency anemia is ….
low iron stores in the body
….important for heme synthesis in hemoglobin molecule
Iron
Heme iron found in …
Meat, fish, liver
Non-heme iron found in …
Vegetables
Iron absorbed in the ….
Duodenum
The majority of this iron (Above 2 grams Or 2000 mg) is…..
circulating the body inside the RBCs within
the hemoglobin molecules
The 2nd most important place for iron is in the
liver
how much of the ingested iron is absorbed ?
10-20%
how can the iron losset ?
Each day your body loses iron through desquamated cells shedding and so on
what gonna happen to the iron level if a person doesn’t keep eating iron
the shedding of iron alone will make him
deficient
after rbcs life spane what gonna happen to their iron?
RBCs die they die on macrophage and it keeps the iron
until it’s either stored in the liver or it’s manufactured again as new hemoglobin molecule. So some
iron is in the reticuloendothelial system and a little bit of iron is utilized in other tissues like
myoglobin
what happened after the iron absorbed?
transfirrin:. In the plasma transferrin carries iron and
delivering it either to the bone marrow to function and work in synthesizing hemoglobin for RBCs or deliver it to liver to storage as
ferritin: the main
form of stored iron
what is the importance of ferriportin?
blocks the entry of iron through ferroportin. It blocks iron absorption when it’s not needed anymore.
Production of hepcidin is regulated by…
iron
what happened when iron is deficient
hepatocytes produce less or no
hepcidin, allowing more iron to enter plasma.
what happened to the patients who went
through a lot of blood
transfusions?
they build up
iron in the body, increasing
hepcidin
mention the causes of iron defecincy anemia ?????
● Blood loss - Gastrointestinal tract - Genitourinary tract ● Inadequate Intake -Insufficient dietary iron ● Impaired Absorption - Gastric surgery - Intestinal malabsorption -Celiac disease ● Increased Iron Requirements - Pregnancy and lactation
what happened if theBreast milk is deficient
in iron. If kids take only
brats milk without other
sources of food?
develop iron deficiency
what is the problem with gastric bypass?
a part of the stomach is removed so part of the place where iron
is absorbed is removed, also the acidity of the stomach which
help in absorption is removed, leading to the deficiency if they
don’t take supplements
what are the symptoms of amenia ?
● Tiredness (fatigue)
● Dyspnea on exertion
● Headaches
● Palpitations
what are the clinical featers of iron defecincy anemia ??
- Pallor
- and others in slide 19
The best laboratory indicator of body iron stores is the serum …
ferritin level
mention the Management of IDA
Replacement therapy
ferrous sulfate or gluconate
- CausesMegaloblastic Anemia- are 3 mention
1: vit B12 deficiency
2: folate deficiency
3: Abnormalities of their metabolism
vitamin b12 called …
Cobalamine
vitamin b12 found in ….only
meat
milk
egg and pultry
shellfish
B12 / Cobalamin Deficiency- Causes are
● Inadequate intake (vegans) ● Gastric failure - Pernicious anemia - Total gastrectomy ● Ileal failure - Crohn’s dis - Ileal resection - Tropical sprue ● Competing organisms - Fish tapeworm - Bacterial overgrowth (blind loop)
….. is (Helper of vit B12)
folic acid
.....is also important for the closure of the neural tube in fetuses
foate
Spina bifida due to
folate deficiency
what are folat defecincy causes ???/
● Folate-poor diet - Alcoholism - Severe poverty ● Increased folate requirement - Pregnancy - Hemolytic anemia ● Drug therapy ● Malabsorption
Clinical Features of Megalomaniac
Anemia
are
Fatigue, weight loss, diarrhea, loss of appetite, fever, sore tongue and jaundice
B12 Deficiency- CNS Manifestations
Neurologic are
-Parasthesias
-Peripheral neuropathy
-Demyelination of dorsal columns and
corticospinal tract
Psychiatric pioblems could happen are …
● Irritability, personality change
● Mild memory impairment, dementia
Pernicious Anemia are …
Autoantibodies attacks the IFs thus no absorption
of B12 occurs
Pernicious Anemia (PA) signs and Symptoms
Red beefy tongue Pernicious Anemia (PA) signs and Symptoms Early graying of hair Vitiligo
Begin treatment with both B12 and folate [ ]
T
Treatment of Vitamin B12 Deficiency?
Oral cobalamin
Parenteral cobalamin
Treatment of Folate Deficiency?
Treat underlying cause
Oral folate supplementation
