Nutrition Vocab

Question 0

7 nutrients

Answer 0

Carbohydrate, protein, lipids, vitamins, minerals, fibre/roughage (not a nutrient), water

Question 1

Nutrition definition

Answer 1

The taking in of raw nutrients which are organic substances (carbon containing molecules) and mineral ions (inorganic), containing raw materials or energy for growth & tissue repair, absorbing and assimilating them

Question 2

Organic substances

Answer 2

Carbon containing molecules e.g. fats, oils, proteins, starch, sugars

Question 3

Inorganic substances

Answer 3

Non-carbon containing molecules e.g. Mineral ions i.e. chloride ions, potassium ions, iron ions, bicarbonate (exception)

Question 4

Autotrophic/Heterotrophic nutrition

Answer 4

A) organisms synthesise (combine components to form a connected whole) the organic minerals they require from inorganic sources
B) organisms digest organic compounds to provide the nutrients they require

Question 5

Simple sugars (monosaccharides)

Answer 5

Simplest form of carbohydrates (monomers) e.g. glucose monomers joined to form starch/cellulose

Question 6

Disaccharides

Answer 6

A carbohydrate composed of 2 monosaccharides

Question 7

Complex sugars (polysaccharides) (cellulose/starch/glycogen)

Answer 7

Polymeric carbohydrate molecules (long chains of monosaccharides bound together by glycosidic bonds)

Question 8

Benedict’s test

Answer 8

Reducing sugars: blue (none) < brick red (lots)

Question 9

Iodine test

Answer 9

Starch: orange - blue/black

Question 10

Amino acids, polypeptides (collagen, haemoglobin, hormones, insulin)

Answer 10

Organic compounds which form protein (b: chains of amino acids)

Question 11

Biuret test

Answer 11

Protein: copper sulphate solution + sodium hydroxide = blue - purple

Question 12

Glycerol, fatty acids (insulation, buoyancy)

Answer 12

Products of lipase with substrate lipids

Question 13

Ethanol/emulsion test

Answer 13

Lipids: clear - cloudy/milky-white/emulsion

Question 14

Cholesterol, saturated & unsaturated fats

Answer 14

A) organic molecule
B) (saturated - unable to dissolve anything more) fat consisting of triglycerides containing only saturated fatty acids (no double bonds between individual carbons)
C) at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain

Question 15

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

Answer 15

Essential nutrient for healthy tissues/membranes/tissue repair/absorbing iron in gut/producing collagen (40% protein in human body
Deficiency = scurvy (bleeding gums, tooth loss, bruises)

Question 16

Vitamin D

Answer 16

Essential nutrient, regulates calcium and phosphate in body

Deficiency = rickets (weak/misshapen bones + teeth, hearing problems (bones need calcium support)

Question 17

Malnutrition

Answer 17

Taking in the wrong quantities of each of the nutrients

Question 18

Deficiency diseases e.g. scurvy, rickets, anaemia

Answer 18

Diseases caused by an insufficient amount of a specific nutrient

Question 19

Starvation

Answer 19

Not taking in enough food/energy for the amount of energy you need

Question 20

Obesity

Answer 20

Consuming more food/energy than you need causing fat storages/cholesterol to build up

Question 21

Constipation

Answer 21

Not having enough fibre (gives bulk to food) to aid peristalsis (muscle contractions in intestines) and making food harder to digest, putting strain on your digestive system

Question 22

Solvent
Solute
Solution

Answer 22

A) dissolves other solutes
B) substances dissolved in solvents
C) mixture (solutes dissolved in solvents)

Question 23

Peristalsis

Answer 23

Muscle contractions in the gut

Question 24

Balanced diet

Answer 24

Taking in the right amount of all the nutrients for your age/sex/physicality

Question 25

Energy (kJ kilojoules)

Answer 25

Power derived from a chemical/physical resource to provide a change