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Nutrition - Small Animal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 macronutrients and micronutrients needed by small animals?

A

Macro:
- Proteins
- Lipids
- Carbohydrates
Micro:
- Vitamins
- Minerals

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2
Q

What are the 4 macrominerals needed by small animals?

A

Calcium
Phosphorus
Sodium
Potassium

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3
Q

Give 2 examples of a micronutrient

A

Selenium
Iodine

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4
Q

What is the importance of carbohydrates?

A
  • Source of energy
  • Can have structural and functional roles (e.g., to make parts of proteins or enzymes)
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5
Q

What type of carbohydrate is poorly digested in small animals?

A

Fibre

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6
Q

What is the benefit of fibre?

A

Helps to increase faecal bulk and water in intestines so helps to modulate bowel function.

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7
Q

What is the structural importance of proteins?

A
  • Collagen + elastin proteins in cartilage, tendons and ligaments
  • Actin and myosin proteins needed for muscle contraction
  • Keratin protein important in skin, hair and nails
  • Blood proteins such as haemoglobin, transferrin and albumin needed.
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8
Q

What are the 3 main functional roles of proteins?

A
  • Enzymes
  • Hormones
  • Antibodies
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9
Q

What is the importance of lipids?

A
  • High energy compounds
  • Source of essential fatty acids
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10
Q

Complete the sentence:
Lipids can also facilitate …..

A

Fat-soluble vitamin absorption

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11
Q

What happens to excess lipids?

A

They are assimilated and stored as fat

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12
Q

What are the common feeding practices for cats and dogs?

A
  • Cats are small feeders and fed ad lib
  • Dogs are pack animals and have times or ad-lib feeding
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13
Q

What are some of the disadvantages of ad-lib feeding?

A
  • Could lead to weight gain
  • Can delay how long it takes for owners to notice problems
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14
Q

What is the advantage of portion feeding?

A

Helps to control calorie intake

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15
Q

What is the disadvantage of time-feeding?

A

Can lead to food aggression or bolting.

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16
Q

What are the moisture %’s for dry, semi-moist and wet foods?

A
  • Dry foods = 6-10% moisture
  • Semi-moist = 15-30% moisture
  • Wet foods = 70-80% moisture
17
Q

What are the two different types of commercial diets?

A
  • Complete diets (meet all dietry needs)
  • Complementary diets (not the sole food source, treats)
18
Q

What can taurine deficiencies cause in cats?

A
  • Blindness
  • Dilated cardiomyopathy
19
Q

What are the disadvantages of a vegetarian diet for cats?

A
  • They need taurine, vitamin A and arachidonic which are found in animal sources
  • Vet. diets short in essential amino acids.
20
Q

What is a BARF diet?

A

Biologically appropriate raw food.

21
Q

What are some of the benefits of a BARF diet?

A
  • Increased time taken to eat
  • Can decrease faecal volume
22
Q

What are some of the risks of of a BARF diet?

A
  • Can be pathogens in raw food
  • Nutrition inadequacy
  • Low calcium content can lead to secondary hyperthyroidism
  • Ostipation (if bones are whole)
23
Q

What can happen if an animal is fed a thyroid gland in a BARF diet?

A

Animal can develop thyroid toxicosis

24
Q

What is the public health risk associated with feeding raw?

A

Animals fed raw shed out multi-resistant bacteria

25
What are the causes and effects of hyperparathyroidism?
- Can be caused by a diet deficient in Ca2+ (often from an all-meat diet) - Can result in reduced bone density (osteopenia)
26
How do you estimate the % carbohydrate in food?
% CHO = 100 - (% protein + % fat + % fibre + % ash + % moisture)
27
What are the metabolisable energy values for protein, fat and carbohydrate?
- Protein = 3.5 kcal ME/g - Fat = 8.5 kcal ME/g - Carbohydrate = 3.5 ME/g
28
How do you calculate the DM basis?
DM basis = (% nutrient / % DM) x 100
29
What are the nutrient requirements for post-weaning growth?
- Frequent meals - Energy dense, highly digestible diet
30
During what age range of growth is obesity a prominent risk?
12-24 months
31
How should pregnant animals be fed?
- Small frequent meals should be given in late pregnancy as animals have reduced abdominal space - Most foetal weight gain occurs in the last third of gestation - Queens normally show a linear increase in food intake.
32
When do lactating animals reach their maximum feeding requirements?
4 weeks post-partum
33
What are the feeding differences between a lactating bitch and a lactating queen?
- Bitches should have small frequent meals - Ad lib should be given to queens
34
How should high activity animals (dogs) be fed?
Must be given highly palatable, energy dense and high fat diets
35
How should geriatric animals be fed?
- Should be given low energy diets - Should be given palatable diets

AH (CLB) (27 decks)

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