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AH (CLB) > Nutrition - Small Animal > Flashcards

Nutrition - Small Animal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 macronutrients and micronutrients needed by small animals?

A

Macro:
- Proteins
- Lipids
- Carbohydrates
Micro:
- Vitamins
- Minerals

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2
Q

What are the 4 macrominerals needed by small animals?

A

Calcium
Phosphorus
Sodium
Potassium

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3
Q

Give 2 examples of a micronutrient

A

Selenium
Iodine

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4
Q

What is the importance of carbohydrates?

A
  • Source of energy
  • Can have structural and functional roles (e.g., to make parts of proteins or enzymes)
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5
Q

What type of carbohydrate is poorly digested in small animals?

A

Fibre

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6
Q

What is the benefit of fibre?

A

Helps to increase faecal bulk and water in intestines so helps to modulate bowel function.

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7
Q

What is the structural importance of proteins?

A
  • Collagen + elastin proteins in cartilage, tendons and ligaments
  • Actin and myosin proteins needed for muscle contraction
  • Keratin protein important in skin, hair and nails
  • Blood proteins such as haemoglobin, transferrin and albumin needed.
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8
Q

What are the 3 main functional roles of proteins?

A
  • Enzymes
  • Hormones
  • Antibodies
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9
Q

What is the importance of lipids?

A
  • High energy compounds
  • Source of essential fatty acids
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10
Q

Complete the sentence:
Lipids can also facilitate …..

A

Fat-soluble vitamin absorption

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11
Q

What happens to excess lipids?

A

They are assimilated and stored as fat

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12
Q

What are the common feeding practices for cats and dogs?

A
  • Cats are small feeders and fed ad lib
  • Dogs are pack animals and have times or ad-lib feeding
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13
Q

What are some of the disadvantages of ad-lib feeding?

A
  • Could lead to weight gain
  • Can delay how long it takes for owners to notice problems
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14
Q

What is the advantage of portion feeding?

A

Helps to control calorie intake

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15
Q

What is the disadvantage of time-feeding?

A

Can lead to food aggression or bolting.

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16
Q

What are the moisture %’s for dry, semi-moist and wet foods?

A
  • Dry foods = 6-10% moisture
  • Semi-moist = 15-30% moisture
  • Wet foods = 70-80% moisture
17
Q

What are the two different types of commercial diets?

A
  • Complete diets (meet all dietry needs)
  • Complementary diets (not the sole food source, treats)
18
Q

What can taurine deficiencies cause in cats?

A
  • Blindness
  • Dilated cardiomyopathy
19
Q

What are the disadvantages of a vegetarian diet for cats?

A
  • They need taurine, vitamin A and arachidonic which are found in animal sources
  • Vet. diets short in essential amino acids.
20
Q

What is a BARF diet?

A

Biologically appropriate raw food.

21
Q

What are some of the benefits of a BARF diet?

A
  • Increased time taken to eat
  • Can decrease faecal volume
22
Q

What are some of the risks of of a BARF diet?

A
  • Can be pathogens in raw food
  • Nutrition inadequacy
  • Low calcium content can lead to secondary hyperthyroidism
  • Ostipation (if bones are whole)
23
Q

What can happen if an animal is fed a thyroid gland in a BARF diet?

A

Animal can develop thyroid toxicosis

24
Q

What is the public health risk associated with feeding raw?

A

Animals fed raw shed out multi-resistant bacteria

25
Q

What are the causes and effects of hyperparathyroidism?

A
  • Can be caused by a diet deficient in Ca2+ (often from an all-meat diet)
  • Can result in reduced bone density (osteopenia)
26
Q

How do you estimate the % carbohydrate in food?

A

% CHO = 100 - (% protein + % fat + % fibre + % ash + % moisture)

27
Q

What are the metabolisable energy values for protein, fat and carbohydrate?

A
  • Protein = 3.5 kcal ME/g
  • Fat = 8.5 kcal ME/g
  • Carbohydrate = 3.5 ME/g
28
Q

How do you calculate the DM basis?

A

DM basis = (% nutrient / % DM) x 100

29
Q

What are the nutrient requirements for post-weaning growth?

A
  • Frequent meals
  • Energy dense, highly digestible diet
30
Q

During what age range of growth is obesity a prominent risk?

A

12-24 months

31
Q

How should pregnant animals be fed?

A
  • Small frequent meals should be given in late pregnancy as animals have reduced abdominal space
  • Most foetal weight gain occurs in the last third of gestation
  • Queens normally show a linear increase in food intake.
32
Q

When do lactating animals reach their maximum feeding requirements?

A

4 weeks post-partum

33
Q

What are the feeding differences between a lactating bitch and a lactating queen?

A
  • Bitches should have small frequent meals
  • Ad lib should be given to queens
34
Q

How should high activity animals (dogs) be fed?

A

Must be given highly palatable, energy dense and high fat diets

35
Q

How should geriatric animals be fed?

A
  • Should be given low energy diets
  • Should be given palatable diets

AH (CLB) (20 decks)

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