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Clinical Medicine > Phase I Nutrition - Small Animal > Flashcards

Phase I Nutrition - Small Animal Flashcards

1
Q

animal specific factors

A

signalment, medical history, physical exam

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1
Q

diet specific factors

A

appropriateness of the diet, storage of the diet, changes to diet

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2
Q

feeding management and environmental factors

A

how much/frequent/location/method of feeding, competition, access, household, environmental changes

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3
Q

in what cases are extended evaluations optional

A

patient older than 7, pregnant, lactating, growing (puppy), multiple animals in the house, low or high activity level

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4
Q

where do you assess when body condition scoring

A

ribs, vertebrae, fat mass, abdomen, tail base, shoulders, hips

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5
Q

normal bcs for dogs is _____ and cats is _____

A

4-5/9; 5/9

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6
Q

5/9 indicates what % body fat

A

20

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7
Q

where do you assess when muscle condition scoring

A

temporal muscle, lumbar vertebrae, pelvis, scapula

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8
Q

what is the energy density of fat, protein and carbs

A

fat = 9 kcal/g; protein and carbs = 4 kcal/g

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9
Q

RER equation

A

BW^0.75x70

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10
Q

BCS 3/9 is how underweight

A

20%

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11
Q

BCS 2/9 is how underweight

A

30%

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12
Q

BCS 1/9 is how underweight

A

40%

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13
Q

when is measuring by weight important

A

wt loss, cats and small dogs

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14
Q

what does the CFIA NOT do

A

does not regulate food manufactured and sold WITHIN Canada

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15
Q

edible vs inedible

A

edible = fit for human consumption; inedible is not, but may be used in animal feed if non-specified risk material (specified risk material is condemned)

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16
Q

non-specified risk material can be used for

A

pharmaceutical or animal feed

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17
Q

what does Health Canada prohibit

A

unsubstantiated claims related to labelling and advertising of pet food

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18
Q

what does the competition bureau/industry Canada do

A

prevents misleading representations and deceptive marketing practices; legislation for pet food labelling

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19
Q

what are the three basic mandatory statements on pet food as determined by industry Canada and the competition bureau

A

product identity, product net quality, dealers name and place of business

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20
Q

the pet food association of Canada is

A

voluntary; guide for labelling and advertising pet food

21
Q

what is essential rendering

A

stuff that isn’t consumed by humans and would otherwise go to landfill

22
Q

how much of the live weight of cattle is rendered
44%
49%
57%
37%

A

49%

23
Q

how much of the live weight of pigs is rendered

A

44%

24
Q

how much of the live weight of chickens is rendered

A

37%

25
Q

how much of the live weight of fish is rendered

A

57%

26
Q

what are limitations of the guide for labelling and advertising pet foods

A

decades old, not a law, does not apply to treats

27
Q

what does not fall under AAFCO

A

supplements and treats

28
Q

what is the role of AAFCO feed control officials

A

monitor and regulate pet foods; ensure laws and rules are being followed

29
Q

T/F AAFCO is the gold standard

A

False; it is a baseline - the best we have

30
Q

what are the most common commercial pet foods

A

dry and wet

31
Q

what is the difference between dry and wet commercial foods

A

dry: processed by extrusion
wet: processed by retorting into cans, pouches and trays

32
Q

both dry and wet pet foods are processed with (3)

A

moisture, heat and pressure

33
Q

what does AAFCO tell us

A

if it is complete and balanced, how this was determined, what life stage

34
Q

T/F AAFCO has a definition for senior, nutrient profile for seniors and regulates the use of the term

A

F

35
Q

what is a key consideration when evaluating organic pet foods

A

it refers to the procedure by which the ingredients are grown, harvested and processed but not to the actual quality of the product (i.e. tells you nothing about whether it is complete and balanced)

36
Q

what terms have no legal definition in animal feed regulations

A

human grade and holistic

37
Q

T/F If there are no nutritional risk factors but you are wary of the brand being fed, you should change the diet

A

F

38
Q

What is the carb to protein ratio in dogs

A

2:1 to 3:1 (25-30% meat source)

39
Q

What is the carb to protein ratio in cats

A

1:1 to 2:1 (35-50% meat source)

40
Q

For a 4.5 kg dog and cat, how much calcium is required per day

A

dog: 2g; cat: 0.5g

41
Q

T/F a vegetarian diet alone can meet AAFCO recommendations

A

F; dogs and cats simply cannot eat enough to meet the requirements

42
Q

onions cause

A

heinz body anemia

43
Q

chocolate causes

A

cardiovascular/neuro signs

44
Q

grapes cause

A

acute renal failure

45
Q

xylitol causes

A

acute liver failure and seizures

46
Q

raw liver risks

A

vitamin A toxicity

47
Q

raw egg risk

A

contain avidine -> biotine deficiency

48
Q

raw fish risk

A

contains thiaminase -> thiamine deficiency

49
Q

what is the main concern with vegan and vegetarian diets

A

incomplete nutrition

Clinical Medicine (10 decks)

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