nutrition requirement in infants, children and adolscents

Question 1

Z score system

Answer 1

measure of dispersion/ relative deviance of the data from the mean/median value
More sensitive descriptor than either percentiles’ or ‘percent of the median’

Question 2

percentile system

Answer 2

position of an individual on a given reference percentiles

Each percentile level represent the % of the reference population at or below that level

Question 3

Percent of median:

Answer 3

expressed as percent of the median value of the expected reference
Different cut-off level for percentage of median is given for different indices.

Question 4

other growth indices

Answer 4

Before birth
birth weight
Birth length-for age
Birth head circumference-for age

Question 5

Before birth

cut-off points used

Answer 5

SGA- <10th percentile; Z scores90th percentile; Z scores>+2SD

Question 6

Intrauterine growth is affected by maternal:

Answer 6

height, smoking, health,infection,diabetes, hypertension,nutritional factors

Question 7

fetal factors

Answer 7

gestasion age, genetic, gender

Question 8

Birth weight

Answer 8

low- <2500g
normal- 2500g to 4000g
high- >4000g

Question 9

Birth length-for age

Answer 9

females- 45.6-52.7cm

males- 46.3-53.4cm

Question 10

birth head circumference- for age

Answer 10

normal- 3rd to 97th centile; b/w (-3sd) to (+2sd)
low-Microcephaly
high-Macrocephaly

Question 11

indication of malnutrition
WFA
HFA
WFH

Answer 11

WFA- general malnutrition
HFA- stunting- chronic malnutrition
WFH-wasting- acute malnutrition

Question 12

mild form of malnutrition

Answer 12

WFA HFA WFH

b/w -1SD/Z score to -2SD/-2Z score

Question 13

moderate underweight

Answer 13

WFA WFH

b/w -2SD/-2Z score to -3SD/-3Z score

Question 14

moderate stunting

Answer 14

HFA

–2SD/-2 Z score to -3 SD/-3Zscore

Question 15

moderate wasting

Answer 15

WFH

–2SD/-2 Z score & -3 SD/-3Zscore

Question 16

moderate overweight

Answer 16

WFA

+2SD) to (+3 SD

Question 17

severe form of malnutrition

Answer 17

measurement is < -3 Z scores of the standard values

Question 18

measurement of mid-upper arm circumference

Answer 18

used in emergency situations like famines or refugee crisis
Mild- 12.5 to 13.5 cm
Moderate- 11.5 to 12.5 cm
Severe-<11.5

Question 19

Anthropometric measurements to evaluate nutritional

1- BMI percentile and Z score

Answer 19

Percentile:-
≥95th percentile- obesity
≥85th- <95th percentile  - overweight
5th - <85th percentile - normal
< 5th percentile - underweight
Z-Score:-
Overweight: >+1SD 
Obesity: >+2SD 
Thinness:

Question 20

2- stunting

Answer 20

HFA-

Question 21

3- Skin fold thickness

Answer 21

Triceps SFT: over the triceps muscle mid way down the back of the upper arm
Biceps SFT: measured as vertical fold taken midway down the front of the upper arm over the biceps muscle
Subscapular SFT: vertical fold taken just below and lateral to the inferior angle of the scapula with shoulder arm relax
Suprailiac SFT:in the mid axillary line immediately above the iliac crest grasped obliquely

The cutoff point for diagnosis of Obesity in adolescent is:-
≥95th percentile triceps skinfold
≥95th percentile subscapular skinfold