Dietary reference standards

Question 1

Dietary Reference Intake values

Answer 1

sets of reference values used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people.
Criteria:-
based on quantitative estimates of human
requirements.
developed by government and health authorities.
used for planning and assessing diets for healthy
people.

Question 2

advantage of nutrient intake recommendations

Answer 2

planning nutrient intake of healthy people
for food labelling.
prepare guidelines to optimize health.
determining the nutrient need of people.
determining the food supply for individuals and population.
set quality criteria for processed food

Question 3

The DRV include four main nutrient based reference values.

Answer 3

EAR- Estimated Average Requirement.
RDA- Recommended Dietary Allowance.
AI- Adequate Intake.
UL- tolerable Upper intake Level.

Question 4

EAR

Answer 4

Average daily level of intake sufficient to meet the requirements of half of the healthy individuals in a particular life stage
EAR is not used as intake goal for individuals
For individual- Examine probability that usual intake inadequate
For group- estimate prevalence of inadequate intake within group

Question 5

RDA

Answer 5

RDA = EAR + 2SD
represents the mean + 2 SD or Estimated Average intake+2SD
used for planning diet or setting intake goals for individuals
For individuals-Usual intake at or above this level has low probability of inadequacy.
For group- Don’t used to assess intake of group

Question 6

LTI

Answer 6

intake below which almost all individuals in the population will be unable to maintain metabolic integrity according to the criteria of adequacy chosen.

represent the Estimated Average Requirement -2SD
The amount of a nutrient that is enough for only the small percentage of people who have low requirements (2.5%).

Question 7

AI , safe intake

Answer 7

If sufficient or adequate scientific evidence is not available, the “Adequate Intake” is usually derived for the nutrient instead.

(Amount of intake to cover most members of apparently healthy population where data for deriving the mean or EAR is limited.)
Based on observed or experimentally derived approximations or estimates of nutrient intake by a group of apparently healthy people.
For individuals- Usual intake at or above this level has low probability of inadequacy[less confident If based on median intake]
For group- the usual intake at or above this level imply low probability of inadequate intake.

Question 8

Limitations of adequate intake

Answer 8

Cannot be used to calculate the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intakes for groups.
methods of derivation of the AI may differ substantially Among nutrients and among life stage groups for the same nutrients.

Question 9

Estimated energy requirement. EER

Answer 9

Average dietary energy intake that is predicted to “maintain energy balance” in a healthy adult of defined age, gender, weight, height.

Question 10

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range AMDR

Answer 10

Suggested optimal range of intake of energy source that is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease.
AMDR can not be used for minerals & vitamins

Question 11

Protective Nutrient Intake

Answer 11

Introduced for some micronutrients to refer to an amount greater than the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RDA) which may be protective against a specified health or nutritional risk of public health relevance

Question 12

Tolerable Upper Intake Level(UL)

Answer 12

Maximum intake that is unlikely to pose risk of adverse effect from excess in almost 97.5% of apparently healthy individuals.
intake increases above the UL, the potential risk of adverse effects increases.
For individual- Usual intake above this level place individual at risk of excessive nutrient intake.
For group- Used to estimate % of population at potential risk of excessive intake.