nutrition quiz Flashcards
what are advantages of ruminants
forage utilization, nonprotein N utilization, vitamin synthesis
what are disadvantages of ruminants
excess gas production, inefficient N utilization, digestive problesm
what can be useful for ruminants
heat of fermentation
basic classes of nutrients
water
carbs
fats
minerals
vitamins
basics needs of animals
water
energy
protein
minerals
vitamins
what are nutrients used for
maintenance and production
explain the need for water
given ad lib
clean water improves performance
describe the need for energy
most limiting nutrient
given in concentrates and roughages
TND and net energy
what does energy change for
body weight
milk production
breed
weather
age
pregnancy
body condition
what are the 3 types of protein
crude
degradable intake
ungradable intake
what does protein change for
body weight
milk production
growth
pregnancy
what are the macro minerals
calcium
phosphorus
magnesium
salt (NaCl)
potassium
sulfur
what’re the trace minerals
copper
zinc
manganese
cobalt
iodine
iron
selenium
where is calcium found
roughages
when is phosphorus found
during the harvest season
when is salt needed
it is craved
when is magnesium found
summer
what’re the fat soluble vitamins
A
D
E
K
where does vitamin A come from
carotenes from growing plants
how much vitamin A is stored in the liver
2-4 months worth
what are the water soluble vitamins
B
explain grain analysis
collect samples various times while unloading with a grain prob
explain hay analysis
coring tools cut into 10+ bales/field
explain silage analysis
occurs after ensiling
describe dry matter
animals eat to meet requirements of nutriton
describe protein
measures heat damage (carbon basis)
describe energy
multiple sources
describe mycotoxins
found in moldy grain
describe ADF
largely indigestible and inversely related to energy
describe NDF
primarily cell wall
inversley related to intake
what is relative feed value
ADF and NDF
used mostly for alfalfa
what is NIR
focuses on one species, forage, or grain
cheap
what is wet chemistry
mixed forages or rations
expensive
what are advantages of natural grass
evolved under grazing
incluses perennials, shrubs, trees and some legumes
what are disadvantages of natural grass
short season
low nutritional value
not tolerant of grazing
decreased soil fertility
what are benefits of planted grass
selected for grazing
bermuda is best
