Nutrition PPT Flashcards
_______ is critical for all members of a household.
food security
Food holds ____ meaning.
symbolic
______ Therapy (MNT) uses nutrition therapy and counseling to manage disease.
Medical Nutrition
Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) can be used to manage diseases such as Type 1 diabetes, hypertension, and _______.
inflammatory bowel disease
EN
Enteral Nutrition
PN
Parenteral Nutrition
_____ is the main source of energy in a diet.
Carbohydrates
Healthy people 2020 nutrition objective is for weight and growth (BMI ______)
18.5 to 24.9
Guidelines for dietary change recommend reduced fat, saturated fat, sodium, refined sugar, and cholesterol, and increased intake of _________ and fiber.
complex carbs
Review BOx 35-1 examples of nutrition objectives
1
__________ is the energy needed to maintain life-sustaining activities for a specific period of time at rest
basal metabolic rate
____________ is the amount of energy that an individual needs to consume over a 24-hour period for the body to maintain all of its internal working activities while at rest
resting energy expenditure (REE)
aka resting metabolic rate
When the _______ of the food we eat meets our energy requirements, our weight does not change.
kilocalories (kcal)
_____ are the main source of energy in a diet.
carbohydrates
Carbohydrates have ____ kcal/g.
4
Carbohydrates are either _____ or _____ saccharides.
complex and simple
Proteins are made up of _____.
amino acids
Proteins are necessary for _____ nitrogen balance.
positive ?
There are ____ kcal/g in protein.
4
There are ____ kcal/g in fats.
9
Fats are composed of ______ (animal fats) or ______ (vegetable fats).
saturated
polyunsaturated
All cell function depends on a fluid environment and that is why ____ is so important.
water
______ are essential to normal metabolism.
vitamins
Types of vitamins
water soluble
fat soluble
_____ are catalysts for enzymatic reactions.
minerals
Types of mineral categories
macominerals
trace elements
See Table 45-1 Mechanisms for Intestinal Absorption of Nutrients
1
See Table 45-1 Summary of digestive system
1
_____ begins in the mouth and ends in the small and large intestines.
digestion
The small intestine is the primary area of _____.
absorption
_______ and storage of nutrients consists of anabolic and catabolic reactions.
metabolism
Chyme is moved by peristalsis in the ileocecal valve into the large intestine, where it becomes feces which is referred to as ____.
elimination
Acceptable range of quantities of vitamins and nutrients for each gender and age group
Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
Box 45-2 pg 1058
1
_______ needed protein, vitamins, fats, cholesterol, carbohydrates, fiber, sodium, and potassium
daily values
Environmental factors influencing nutrition
Sedentary lifestyle
hectic work schedules
fast food restaurants
high cost of healthy foods
_____ needs also influence nutrition.
developmental needs
Box 45-4 1061
1
Alternative food patterns are based on ______, cultural background, ethics, health beliefs, and preference.
religion
_____ diet consists predominantly of plant foods.
vegetarian
_______ (avoids meat, fish, and poultry, but eats eggs and milk)
Ovolactovegetarian
_________ (drinks milk but avoids eggs)
Lactovegetarian
_________ (consumes only plant foods)
Vegan
__________ (consumes fruit, nuts, honey, and olive oil)
Fruitarian
___________ (primarily brown rice, other grains, and herbed tea)
Zen macrobiotic
Screening a patient is a quick method of identifying malnutrition or risk of malnutrition using sample tools:
Height Weight Weight change Primary diagnosis Comorbidities Screening tools
________ is a measurement system of the size and makeup of the body.
Anthropometry
An ________ provides an estimate of what a person should weigh.
ideal body weight (IBW)
________ measures weight corrected for height and serves as an alternative to traditional height-weight relationships.
Body mass index (BMI)
Assessment of nutrition should involve lab and _____ tests.
biochemical
Box 45-6 p 1066
1
Nursing diagnosis for nutrition slide 16
1
During planning nutrition _______ and counseling are important for all patients to prevent disease and promote health.
education
During planning refer to professional standards for _____.
nutrition
Collaboration with a ________ helps develop appropriate nutrition treatment plans.
registered dietitian (RD)
Nutrition planning considerations
Perioperative food intake
Enteral and parenteral feedings
Assistive devices
During implementation the focus is on health promotion
Education Early identification of potential or actual problems Meal planning Weight loss plans Food safety
During implementation acute care considerations
Risk factors in acutely ill patient
Advancing diets = Gradual progression of dietary intake or therapeutic diet to manage illness
Promoting appetite
Assisting with oral feedings
When a patient needs help with eating, it is important to protect his or her safety, independence, and dignity.
Adaptive Equipment
1
________ provides nutrients into the GI tract. It is physiological, safe, and economical nutritional support.
Enteral nutrition (EN)
Box 45-11 p 1075
1
With enteral nutrition confirmation of placement is necessary as well as checking _______ every 4 to 6 hours when enternal feeding is continuous and immediately before the feeding in patients receiving intermittent feeding.
gastric residual volumes (GVR)
45-7 p 1079
1
The risk of ______ is a complication of enteral nutrition.
aspiration
What patients receiving enteral nutrition are at the highest risk for aspiration?
1
Enteral nutrition irritates bronchial mucosa, resulting in decreased blood supply to affected ________.
pulmonary tissue
