ATI - Chapter 33 Flashcards

1
Q

______ describes how an individual deals with problems, such as illness and stress.

A

coping

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2
Q

Factors in coping and adaptation include the client’s ________, adherence to treatment regimens, and the role and individual can play in important relationships.

A

family dynamics

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3
Q

_____ describes changes in an individual state of balance and response to stressors, the internal and external forces that disrupt that state of balance.

A

Stress

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4
Q

Any stressor, whether it is perceived as good or bad, produce similar _____ in the body.

A

biological response

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5
Q

Stress can be _____ (adjusting to a chronic disease or a stressful job change.)

A

situational

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6
Q

Stress can be _______ (varying with life stage). Adult stressors can include losing parents, having a baby, and getting married.

A

developmental

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7
Q

Stress can be caused by ______ factors, including substance use, lack of education and prolonged poverty.

A

sociocultural factors

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8
Q

Research has shown that stress not only impairs and weakens the _______ but has been identified as a casual factor in numerous health conditions.

A

immune system

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9
Q

_____ describes how an individual deals with problems and issues.

A

coping

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10
Q

Factors influencing an individual’s ability to cope include the number, duration, and intensity of stressors; the individuals’s ______; the current support system; and available resources (financial).

A

past experiences

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11
Q

Coping strategies are unique to an ____ and can vary greatly with each stressor.

A

individual

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12
Q

____ burden results from the accumulated stress that family members experience after caring for a loved one over a period of time.

A

caregiver

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13
Q

Caregiver burden includes responses such as fatigue, difficulty sleeping, and _____.

A

illness (increased bp, mental illness)

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14
Q

_____ mechanisms: assist a person during a stressful situation or crisis by regulating emotional distress.

A

ego defense

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15
Q

Coping behavior that describes how an individual handles demands imposed by the _____.

A

environment

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16
Q

_____ is also known as “stress syndrome.” Hans Selye developed a theory of adaptation that describes the stress reaction in three stages.

A

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

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17
Q

The three stages of general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

A

alarm reaction
resistance stage
exhaustion stage

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18
Q

The _____ reaction is when the body functions are heightened to respond to stressors.

A

alarm

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19
Q

During the ______ reaction hormones (epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisone) are released, which cause elevated bp and hr, heightened mental alertness, increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine, and increased blood flow to muscles.

A

alarm

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20
Q

During the ____ stage body functions normalize while responding the stressor. The body attempts to cope with the stressor and return to _____. Stabilization of BP, HR and hormones will occur.

A

resistance

homeostasis

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21
Q

The _____ stage is when the body functions are no longer able to maintain a response to the stressor and the client cannot adapt. Then of this stages results in ______ or _____.

A

exhaustion stage

recovery or death

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22
Q

_____ is the commitment and ability of the client and family to follow a given treatment regimen.

A

adherence

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23
Q

_____ to the regimen increases adherence.

A

commitment

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24
Q

Complicated regiment interferes with _____.

A

adherence

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25
Q

Involvement of the client and ____ people in the planning stage increases adherence.

A

significant support

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26
Q

____ effects of medications diminish adherence.

A

adverse

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27
Q

Coping mechanisms such as _____ can cause non-adherence.

A

denial

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28
Q

Available _____ increase adherence.

A

resources

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29
Q

With stress encourage health ____ strategies, including regular exercise, optimal nutrition, and adequate sleep and rest.

A

promotion

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30
Q

With stress assist with ______ and determine priority tasks.

A

time management

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31
Q

With stress encourage appropriate _______ techniques, including breathing exercises, massage, imagery, yoga, and meditation.

A

relaxation

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32
Q

With stress listen attentively, and take the time to understand the ______.

A

client’s perspective

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33
Q

With stress control the ______ to reduce the number of external stressors, including noise and breaks in teh continuity of care.

A

environment

34
Q

With stress identify available ______ systems.

A

support

35
Q

With stress use effective ______ techniques to foster the expression of feelings.

A

communication

36
Q

With coping be _____ in communication, and encourage the client to verbalize feelings.

A

empathetic

37
Q

With coping identify the client’s and family’s _______ and abilities.

A

strengths

38
Q

With coping encourage client’s ______ with decision-making.

A

autonomy

39
Q

With coping discuss the client’s and family’s abilities to deal with the _____.

A

current situation

40
Q

With coping identify available community resources, and refer the client for _____ if needed.

A

counseling

41
Q

With coping encourage the client to describe ________ used effectively in the past.

A

coping skills

42
Q

With adherence put instructions in _____.

A

writing

43
Q

With adherence allow the client to give _____ into the treatment regiment.

A

input

44
Q

With adherence _____ treatment regimens as much as possible.

A

simplify

45
Q

With adherence ______ with the client to address any questions or problems.

A

follow up

46
Q

With adherence ______ with the client to address any questions or problems.

A

follow up

47
Q

_____ is defined by the client, and it consists of the individual structures and roles.

A

family

48
Q

A family is typically two or more people whose relationships create a bond and influence their _______, support, goals, and resources.

A

mutual development

49
Q

The five realms of processes involved in family function during a family assessment.

A
interactive
development
coping
integrity
health
50
Q

Assessment of a family can focus on family as a context, a client, or a ______.

A

system

51
Q

Families and clients are not ________; family-centered care creates a holistic approach to nursing care.

A

mutually exclusive

52
Q

Family _____ are constantly evolving due to the processes of family life and developmental stages of the family members.

A

dynamics

53
Q

A current trend is the fastest growing population is those older than _____ years, leading to caregiver issues.

A

65

54
Q

A current trend is the declining ____ of families due to increased unemployment.

A

economic status

55
Q

A current trend is family _____ and its endless cycle.

A

violence

56
Q

A current trend is any acute or chronic illness that ______ the family unit (can include end-of-life care issues)

A

disrupts

57
Q

A current trend is _____: lack of stable environment, financial issues, inadequate access to health care (fastest-growing _____ population is families with children). This population is growing due to the lack of affordable housing.

A

homelessness

homeless

58
Q

Structure dictates the family’s ability to ____.

A

cope

59
Q

____ structure is dictorial and strict.

A

rigid

60
Q

____ structure includes few or no boundaries, consistent behavior, or consequences.

A

open

61
Q

Either structure (open or rigid) can provide positive or negative ______.

A

outcomes

62
Q

Function describes the course of action the family uses to reach its _____, including members’ communication skills, problem-solving abilities, and available resources.

A

goals

63
Q

Identify and adapt family strengths to perceived stressor(s)

A
communication
adaptability
nurturing
crisis as a growth element
parenting skills
resiliency
64
Q

With nursing care

A

identify and adapt family strengths to perceived stressors

set realistic goals with the family

provide info about support networks and community resources

promote family unity

ensure safety for families at risk for violence

encourage conflict resolution

minimize family process disruption effects

remove barriers to health promotion

increase family members’ abilities to participate

perform intervention that the family cannot perform

evaluate goals within the context of the family by checking back to ensure that goals were realistic and achievable

65
Q

A ______ is the function a person adopts within their life. Seldom is it limited to one ____, but rather is multidimensional and is often relative to the ____ of others.

A

role
role
role

66
Q

A ______ is the function a person adopts within their life. Seldom is it limited to one ____, but rather is multidimensional and is often relative to the ____ of others.

A

role
role
role

67
Q

_____ affects roles in many ways.

A

stress

68
Q

The presence of stressors ____ a client’s return to health in the same way that the presence of a foreign body or infection delays the healing of a wound.

A

delays

69
Q

______ causes role stress by creating a situation in which roles can change simply due to the effect and progression of the illness.

A

illness

70
Q

Nurses must be aware fo a client’s roles in life, as well as how the situation of illness might ____ these roles, either temporarily or permanently.

A

change

71
Q

A basic assumption is that a client can either advance or _____ in the face of a situational role change.

A

regress

72
Q

_____ develops when a perosn must assume opposing roles iwth incompatible expectations.

A

role conflict

73
Q

_____ can be interpersonal (when parents expect adolescents to participate in sports and perform household tasks) or inter-role (when a mother wants to stay at home with her infant, but family finances require her to work)

A

role conflict

74
Q

_____ is when expectations of others and society regarding how one should behave when sick (caring for self while sick and continuing to provide childcare to grandchildren).

A

sick role

75
Q

______ is uncertainty about what is expected when assuming a role; creates confusion.

A

role ambiguity

76
Q

______ is the frustration and anxiety that occurs when a person feels inadequate for assuming a role (caring for a parent dementia).

A

role strain

77
Q

_____ is when more responsiblity and roles than are manageable,\; very common (assuming the role of student, employee, and parent)

A

role overload

78
Q

Situational _____ are caused by situations other than physical growth and development (marriage, job changes, divorce).

A

role changes

79
Q

Situational role changes can disrupt one or ore of the client’s roles in life (with illness or ______)

A

hospitalization

80
Q

Situational role changes with resolution, can contribute to healing in the ____, mental, and spiritual realms.

A

physical

81
Q

_____ role changes occur when the client will resume the role when illness resolves.

A

temporary

82
Q

____ role changes occur when illness has altered the level of the client’s health to a point that previous roles are no longer available.

A

permanent