ATI - Chapter 33 Flashcards
______ describes how an individual deals with problems, such as illness and stress.
coping
Factors in coping and adaptation include the client’s ________, adherence to treatment regimens, and the role and individual can play in important relationships.
family dynamics
_____ describes changes in an individual state of balance and response to stressors, the internal and external forces that disrupt that state of balance.
Stress
Any stressor, whether it is perceived as good or bad, produce similar _____ in the body.
biological response
Stress can be _____ (adjusting to a chronic disease or a stressful job change.)
situational
Stress can be _______ (varying with life stage). Adult stressors can include losing parents, having a baby, and getting married.
developmental
Stress can be caused by ______ factors, including substance use, lack of education and prolonged poverty.
sociocultural factors
Research has shown that stress not only impairs and weakens the _______ but has been identified as a casual factor in numerous health conditions.
immune system
_____ describes how an individual deals with problems and issues.
coping
Factors influencing an individual’s ability to cope include the number, duration, and intensity of stressors; the individuals’s ______; the current support system; and available resources (financial).
past experiences
Coping strategies are unique to an ____ and can vary greatly with each stressor.
individual
____ burden results from the accumulated stress that family members experience after caring for a loved one over a period of time.
caregiver
Caregiver burden includes responses such as fatigue, difficulty sleeping, and _____.
illness (increased bp, mental illness)
_____ mechanisms: assist a person during a stressful situation or crisis by regulating emotional distress.
ego defense
Coping behavior that describes how an individual handles demands imposed by the _____.
environment
_____ is also known as “stress syndrome.” Hans Selye developed a theory of adaptation that describes the stress reaction in three stages.
general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
The three stages of general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
alarm reaction
resistance stage
exhaustion stage
The _____ reaction is when the body functions are heightened to respond to stressors.
alarm
During the ______ reaction hormones (epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisone) are released, which cause elevated bp and hr, heightened mental alertness, increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine, and increased blood flow to muscles.
alarm
During the ____ stage body functions normalize while responding the stressor. The body attempts to cope with the stressor and return to _____. Stabilization of BP, HR and hormones will occur.
resistance
homeostasis
The _____ stage is when the body functions are no longer able to maintain a response to the stressor and the client cannot adapt. Then of this stages results in ______ or _____.
exhaustion stage
recovery or death
_____ is the commitment and ability of the client and family to follow a given treatment regimen.
adherence
_____ to the regimen increases adherence.
commitment
Complicated regiment interferes with _____.
adherence
Involvement of the client and ____ people in the planning stage increases adherence.
significant support
____ effects of medications diminish adherence.
adverse
Coping mechanisms such as _____ can cause non-adherence.
denial
Available _____ increase adherence.
resources
With stress encourage health ____ strategies, including regular exercise, optimal nutrition, and adequate sleep and rest.
promotion
With stress assist with ______ and determine priority tasks.
time management
With stress encourage appropriate _______ techniques, including breathing exercises, massage, imagery, yoga, and meditation.
relaxation
With stress listen attentively, and take the time to understand the ______.
client’s perspective