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Exam 4 > Nutrition part 1 > Flashcards

Nutrition part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The intake and use of nutrients by the body.

A

nutrition

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2
Q

Basic Human Need

Nutrients are needed for:

A

 Energy
 Growth
 Maintenance

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3
Q

the #1 cause of death

A

heart disease

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4
Q

what does a clear liquid diet consist of?

A

see-through items liquid at room temperature

  • clear juices- apple, grape, cranberry
  • clear drinks- fruit punch, soda (ginger ale, lemon-lime), *plain tea, black coffee
  • broth, bouillon
  • gelatin
  • popsicles, ices
  • hard candy
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5
Q

what consist of a full liquid diet?

A

food liquid or pourable at room temperature

  • juice
  • dairy or dairy alternative- beverages, ice cream, yogurt, custard, pudding
  • hot cereal
  • all clear liquid items
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6
Q

diet low in sodium, low in cholesterol, low in fat

A

cardiovascular disease and hypertension

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7
Q

most restrictive diet–> low in protein, fluid, sodium, potassium and phosphorus

A

renal disease

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8
Q

Risk for aspiration due to dysphagia

A

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) (stroke)

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9
Q

Need protein, micronutrients for?

A

wound healing

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10
Q

Why enteral feeding?

A
  1. Unable to eat or drink (Total Nutrition)
  2. Inadequate intake to meet nutritional needs
    (Supplemental Nutrition)
    • High Metabolic Demands
    - Burns, Trauma
    • Failure to Thrive
    • Fatigue
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11
Q

Other purposes for enteral tube includes?

A
  • Gastric Lavage – bleeding, poisoning, overdose
  • Specimen Collection
  • Decompression
  • Vomiting
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12
Q

Methods of delivery for enteral feeding includes?

A
  1. Bolus
  2. Intermittent
  3. Continuous
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13
Q

Administered by gravity usually into the
stomach via a large syringe.
 Advantage: can be given quickly (10-15 minutes)
 Disadvantages: quick feeding not always tolerated by patient

A

Bolus

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14
Q

Administered with or without a
feeding pump
 Advantage: Common method for home usage
 Disadvantage: Need patient teaching on pump usage

A

Intermittent enteral feeding

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15
Q

Feeding infused continuously
over a 24 hour period
 Advantages: Easily tolerated

A

Continuous enteral feeding

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16
Q

Complications of enteral therapy includes?

A
  • gastrointestinal
  • mechanical
  • metabolic
17
Q
  • diarrhea
  • nausea or vomiting
  • gas/bloating/cramping
  • constipation
A

gastrointestinal

18
Q
  • Hyperosmolar Formula
  • Too rapid infusion or too large bolus
  • Formula too cold
A

diarrhea

19
Q

*Too high residuals
*Not tolerating formula
leads to?

A

nausea or vomiting

20
Q

*Air in tube
*High Fiber formula
leads to?

A

gas/bloating/cramping

21
Q

*Low Fiber formula
*Dehydration
leads to?

A

constipation

22
Q
  • aspiration pneumonia
  • tube displacement
  • tube obstruction
  • nasopharyngeal irritation
A

mechanical complication of enteral therapy

23
Q

Improper tube placement, HOB is not kept at ≥ 30 degrees, causes?

A

aspiration pneumonia

24
Q

unsecured tube, excessive coughing or vomiting, caused from?

A

tube displacement

25
Q

Inadequate flushing, crushing, leads to?

A

tube obstruction

26
Q

most common complication on enteral feeding and mechanical enteral feeding

A

tube obstruction

27
Q

Tube position, improper taping, use of large bore tube can cause?

A

nasopharyngeal irritation

28
Q
  • hyperglycemia

* dehydration

A

metabolic complication of enteral therapy

29
Q

High carbohydrate content of formula can cause?

A

hyperglycemia

30
Q
  • Hyperosmolar formulas

* Insufficient fluid intake can cause?

A

dehydration

31
Q

types of formulas for feedings include?

A
  • standard/polymeric
  • specialized
  • elemental/hydrolyzed
  • modular
32
Q

contains all nutrients needed to meet nutritional needs

A

*standard/polymeric

33
Q

designed for specific clinical conditions or diseases

A

*specialized

34
Q

– nutrients are in their simplest form and easily digested (predigested nutrients)

A

*elemental/hydrolyzed

35
Q

does not contain all nutrients; used for supplementation only

A

*modular

Exam 4 (7 decks)

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