Nutrition part 1 Flashcards
The intake and use of nutrients by the body.
nutrition
Basic Human Need
Nutrients are needed for:
Energy
Growth
Maintenance
the #1 cause of death
heart disease
what does a clear liquid diet consist of?
see-through items liquid at room temperature
- clear juices- apple, grape, cranberry
- clear drinks- fruit punch, soda (ginger ale, lemon-lime), *plain tea, black coffee
- broth, bouillon
- gelatin
- popsicles, ices
- hard candy
what consist of a full liquid diet?
food liquid or pourable at room temperature
- juice
- dairy or dairy alternative- beverages, ice cream, yogurt, custard, pudding
- hot cereal
- all clear liquid items
diet low in sodium, low in cholesterol, low in fat
cardiovascular disease and hypertension
most restrictive diet–> low in protein, fluid, sodium, potassium and phosphorus
renal disease
Risk for aspiration due to dysphagia
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) (stroke)
Need protein, micronutrients for?
wound healing
Why enteral feeding?
- Unable to eat or drink (Total Nutrition)
- Inadequate intake to meet nutritional needs
(Supplemental Nutrition)
• High Metabolic Demands
- Burns, Trauma
• Failure to Thrive
• Fatigue
Other purposes for enteral tube includes?
- Gastric Lavage – bleeding, poisoning, overdose
- Specimen Collection
- Decompression
- Vomiting
Methods of delivery for enteral feeding includes?
- Bolus
- Intermittent
- Continuous
Administered by gravity usually into the
stomach via a large syringe.
Advantage: can be given quickly (10-15 minutes)
Disadvantages: quick feeding not always tolerated by patient
Bolus
Administered with or without a
feeding pump
Advantage: Common method for home usage
Disadvantage: Need patient teaching on pump usage
Intermittent enteral feeding
Feeding infused continuously
over a 24 hour period
Advantages: Easily tolerated
Continuous enteral feeding
Complications of enteral therapy includes?
- gastrointestinal
- mechanical
- metabolic
- diarrhea
- nausea or vomiting
- gas/bloating/cramping
- constipation
gastrointestinal
- Hyperosmolar Formula
- Too rapid infusion or too large bolus
- Formula too cold
diarrhea
*Too high residuals
*Not tolerating formula
leads to?
nausea or vomiting
*Air in tube
*High Fiber formula
leads to?
gas/bloating/cramping
*Low Fiber formula
*Dehydration
leads to?
constipation
- aspiration pneumonia
- tube displacement
- tube obstruction
- nasopharyngeal irritation
mechanical complication of enteral therapy
Improper tube placement, HOB is not kept at ≥ 30 degrees, causes?
aspiration pneumonia
unsecured tube, excessive coughing or vomiting, caused from?
tube displacement
