Nutrition Numbers

Question 1

Most important nutrients of concern for infants?

Answer 1

Vitamin D, K, B12
Iron
Zinc

Question 2

What are the carb requirements for infancy

Answer 2

30-60% of energy

Question 3

Who are iron supplements recommended for?

Answer 3

Breast feeding infant

Question 4

Does of iron supplementation given and when in both full term and preterm infants?

Answer 4

Full term: at 4months 1mg/kg/day

Pre-term: at 1 month 2mg/kg/day

Question 5

Vitamin D supplementation recommendations

Answer 5

400 IU/day for full or partially breastfed infants

Question 6

When do to introduce water to infant

Answer 6

Small amounts 6-12 months

Question 7

When to introduce honey and corn syrup to infant?

Answer 7

12+ months

Question 8

When to introduce cows milk to infant?

Answer 8

12 months +

Whole milk 1-2 years then 2% until 5 years

Question 9

0-6 months infant feeding

Answer 9

Breast milk/formula

Vitamin D/Iron supplements

Question 10

6-8 months feeding

Answer 10

Formula: meat, eggs, veggies, fruit, infant cereals

Breastfed: “ but puréed

Question 11

7-9 month infant feeding

Answer 11

Sliced bananas
Cooked carrots
Pasta
Graham crackers
Soft cheeses
Introduce sippy cup and finger foods

Question 12

9-12 month infant feeding

Answer 12

“Adult” soft foods

Still stay away from raw veggies, spoonfuls of peanut butter, notes/seeds/choking hazard foods

Question 13

When to introduce juice

Answer 13

12+months

4-6ounce/day max 1-6years

Question 14

Ratio of what in juice is best

Answer 14

Equal glucose/fructose juices are easier on the stomach

Ex: white grape juice

Question 15

What is the most common nutritional deficiency in childhood?

Answer 15

Iron

Question 16

What nutrients are important for childhood?

Answer 16

Iron
Ca
Vit D
Zinc

Question 17

What are food jags?

Answer 17

Periods of liking/disliking foods

Question 18

Are supplements recommended in childhood?

Answer 18

Only in children in eating disorders
Chronic diseases
Food-deprived families
Weight management diet
Vegetarian diet without dairy

Question 19

What are examples of go, slow and whoa foods?

Answer 19

Go: whole grain, lean meat/poultry/fish, veggies, low fat

Slow: 2% dairy, refined flour, red meat, chicken with skin

Whoa: whole milk/deserts/junk food

Question 20

What are some nutritional recommendations for kids with ADHD?

Answer 20

Stay away from refined sugar and high fat

Add EPA, folate, fiber

Question 21

Recommendations for preventing chronic disease in childhood?

Answer 21

• saturated fat: 7-10%
• fiber (age +5g)
• Ca/VitD
• plants/probiotics
• 60 daily exercise + 3d/wk strength

Question 22

What are the most common nutritional deficiencies in adolescence?

Answer 22

Iron
Ca
Vit D
folic acid

Question 23

What are some food behaviors that may lead to nutrient deficiencies in adolescence?

Answer 23

Meal skipping
Convenience foods
Less family meals
Media
Dieting

Question 24

What is the carb requirement for adolescence?

Answer 24

130g/day

Question 25

What is the fiber requirement for adolescent m/f?

Answer 25

males: 9-13: 31 14-18: 38 Females: 9-18: 26g

Question 26

What is the lipid recommendation for adolescence?

Answer 26

30-35% cal | Less than 10% SFA

Question 27

Nutritional recommendations for reducing acne?

Answer 27

Low GI foods Low in SFA High in whole grains, fruits, veggies Increase omega3s

Question 28

Stage 1 treatment for adolescents

Answer 28

- remove TV screens - 1hr activity daily - 5+ fruits/veggies - family meals - 3 meals/day and reduce snacking - eating mindfully - lower energy dense food/beverages - identifying correct portion sizes

Question 29

Stage 2 treatment for obesity in adolescents

Answer 29

- daily food journals - set food and activity goals - limit screen time to 1 hr/day - structured/timed meal plans - reinforce + changes with non-food rewards

Question 30

Stage 3 obesity treatment for adolescents

Answer 30

Performed by a multidisciplinary team Very structured/monitored

Question 31

Stage 4 treatment for obesity in adolescents

Answer 31

Meds Surgery Meal replacement/protein-sparing modified fasts

Question 32

50% of obsess teens have?

Answer 32

Hyperlipidemia

Question 33

Recommendations for physical activity in adolescents

Answer 33

60 min of daily activity (3 being vigorous) 3 days of strength

Question 34

Teens who get pregnant within 4 years of first period are more at risk for what nutrient deficiencies

Answer 34

``` Folate Iron Zinc Ca VitD ```

Question 35

What is the longevity protein called

Answer 35

SIRT1

Question 36

What inhibits SIRT1

Answer 36

Overnutrition inhibits SIRT1

Question 37

What induces SIRT1

Answer 37

Calorie restriction Red wine Purple grape juice

Question 38

What are some physiologic changes that occur with aging that may influence nutrient intake or utilization

Answer 38

1. Decreased taste/smell: increased sodium intake 2. Achlorhydria: decreased Ca/B12 absorption 3. Decreased gastric mucus: ulcers

Question 39

What are the protein requirements for older patients?

Answer 39

0.8g/kg bw

Question 40

What are the carb requirements for older adults

Answer 40

45-65% cal

Question 41

What are the fiber requirements for older adults

Answer 41

M: 30 F: 21

Question 42

What are the lipid requirements for older adults

Answer 42

20-35%

Question 43

What are the micronutrients of concern for older patients?

Answer 43

``` B12 Vitamin D Folate Ca K Na Zn ```

Question 44

Why is B12 of concern with older adults

Answer 44

Low intake and achlorhydria so decreased absorption

Question 45

Why is Vitamin D a concern for older adults

Answer 45

800-1000 | Impaired skin synthesis

Question 46

Why is calcium of concern in older adults

Answer 46

1200 | Achlorhydria leading to decreased absoprtion

Question 47

Why is potassium of concern in older adults

Answer 47

4700 | Helps decreased BP

Question 48

Why is sodium of concern in older adults

Answer 48

1500 | Hypernatremia due to excess Na and dehydration

Question 49

Why is zinc a concern in older adults

Answer 49

8mg F, 11mg M | AIDS in immune function, sense of taste, wound healing and may help decrease risk of depression

Question 50

What are some macronutrients that accelerate aging

Answer 50

Glucose Animal protein Saturated/trans fats (butter/coconut oil)

Question 51

What are some macronutrients that extend lifespan

Answer 51

``` Low GI index foods (veggies, fruits, whole grains, nuts/seeds) Unsaturated fats (olive oil, fish, avocado) ```

Question 52

Longevity foods from blue zones

Answer 52

``` Beans Greens Sweet potatoes Nuts Olive oil Oats Barley Fruits Green/herbal teas Turmeric ```

Question 53

What are the always 4 and never 4 foods

Answer 53

Always: 100% whole wheat, nuts, beans, fruit Never: sugar-sweetened beverages, salty snacks, processed meat, packages sweets