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Clinical Nutrition > Nutrition Numbers > Flashcards

Nutrition Numbers Flashcards

1
Q

Most important nutrients of concern for infants?

A

Vitamin D, K, B12
Iron
Zinc

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2
Q

What are the carb requirements for infancy

A

30-60% of energy

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3
Q

Who are iron supplements recommended for?

A

Breast feeding infant

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4
Q

Does of iron supplementation given and when in both full term and preterm infants?

A

Full term: at 4months 1mg/kg/day

Pre-term: at 1 month 2mg/kg/day

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5
Q

Vitamin D supplementation recommendations

A

400 IU/day for full or partially breastfed infants

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6
Q

When do to introduce water to infant

A

Small amounts 6-12 months

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7
Q

When to introduce honey and corn syrup to infant?

A

12+ months

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8
Q

When to introduce cows milk to infant?

A

12 months +

Whole milk 1-2 years then 2% until 5 years

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9
Q

0-6 months infant feeding

A

Breast milk/formula

Vitamin D/Iron supplements

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10
Q

6-8 months feeding

A

Formula: meat, eggs, veggies, fruit, infant cereals

Breastfed: “ but puréed

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11
Q

7-9 month infant feeding

A 
Sliced bananas
Cooked carrots
Pasta
Graham crackers
Soft cheeses
Introduce sippy cup and finger foods
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12
Q

9-12 month infant feeding

A

“Adult” soft foods

Still stay away from raw veggies, spoonfuls of peanut butter, notes/seeds/choking hazard foods

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13
Q

When to introduce juice

A

12+months

4-6ounce/day max 1-6years

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14
Q

Ratio of what in juice is best

A

Equal glucose/fructose juices are easier on the stomach

Ex: white grape juice

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15
Q

What is the most common nutritional deficiency in childhood?

A

Iron

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16
Q

What nutrients are important for childhood?

A

Iron
Ca
Vit D
Zinc

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17
Q

What are food jags?

A

Periods of liking/disliking foods

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18
Q

Are supplements recommended in childhood?

A 
Only in children in eating disorders
Chronic diseases
Food-deprived families
Weight management diet
Vegetarian diet without dairy
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19
Q

What are examples of go, slow and whoa foods?

A

Go: whole grain, lean meat/poultry/fish, veggies, low fat

Slow: 2% dairy, refined flour, red meat, chicken with skin

Whoa: whole milk/deserts/junk food

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20
Q

What are some nutritional recommendations for kids with ADHD?

A

Stay away from refined sugar and high fat

Add EPA, folate, fiber

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21
Q

Recommendations for preventing chronic disease in childhood?

A
  • saturated fat: 7-10%
  • fiber (age +5g)
  • Ca/VitD
  • plants/probiotics
  • 60 daily exercise + 3d/wk strength
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22
Q

What are the most common nutritional deficiencies in adolescence?

A

Iron
Ca
Vit D
folic acid

23
Q

What are some food behaviors that may lead to nutrient deficiencies in adolescence?

A 
Meal skipping
Convenience foods
Less family meals
Media
Dieting
24
Q

What is the carb requirement for adolescence?

A

130g/day

25
Q

What is the fiber requirement for adolescent m/f?

A

males: 9-13: 31
14-18: 38

Females: 9-18: 26g

26
Q

What is the lipid recommendation for adolescence?

A

30-35% cal

Less than 10% SFA

27
Q

Nutritional recommendations for reducing acne?

A

Low GI foods
Low in SFA
High in whole grains, fruits, veggies
Increase omega3s

28
Q

Stage 1 treatment for adolescents

A
  • remove TV screens
  • 1hr activity daily
  • 5+ fruits/veggies
  • family meals
  • 3 meals/day and reduce snacking
  • eating mindfully
  • lower energy dense food/beverages
  • identifying correct portion sizes
29
Q

Stage 2 treatment for obesity in adolescents

A
  • daily food journals
  • set food and activity goals
  • limit screen time to 1 hr/day
  • structured/timed meal plans
  • reinforce + changes with non-food rewards
30
Q

Stage 3 obesity treatment for adolescents

A

Performed by a multidisciplinary team

Very structured/monitored

31
Q

Stage 4 treatment for obesity in adolescents

A

Meds
Surgery
Meal replacement/protein-sparing modified fasts

32
Q

50% of obsess teens have?

A

Hyperlipidemia

33
Q

Recommendations for physical activity in adolescents

A

60 min of daily activity (3 being vigorous)

3 days of strength

34
Q

Teens who get pregnant within 4 years of first period are more at risk for what nutrient deficiencies

A 
Folate
Iron
Zinc
Ca
VitD
35
Q

What is the longevity protein called

A

SIRT1

36
Q

What inhibits SIRT1

A

Overnutrition inhibits SIRT1

37
Q

What induces SIRT1

A

Calorie restriction
Red wine
Purple grape juice

38
Q

What are some physiologic changes that occur with aging that may influence nutrient intake or utilization

A
  1. Decreased taste/smell: increased sodium intake
  2. Achlorhydria: decreased Ca/B12 absorption
  3. Decreased gastric mucus: ulcers
39
Q

What are the protein requirements for older patients?

A

0.8g/kg bw

40
Q

What are the carb requirements for older adults

A

45-65% cal

41
Q

What are the fiber requirements for older adults

A

M: 30
F: 21

42
Q

What are the lipid requirements for older adults

A

20-35%

43
Q

What are the micronutrients of concern for older patients?

A 
B12
Vitamin D
Folate
Ca
K
Na
Zn
44
Q

Why is B12 of concern with older adults

A

Low intake and achlorhydria so decreased absorption

45
Q

Why is Vitamin D a concern for older adults

A

800-1000

Impaired skin synthesis

46
Q

Why is calcium of concern in older adults

A

1200

Achlorhydria leading to decreased absoprtion

47
Q

Why is potassium of concern in older adults

A

4700

Helps decreased BP

48
Q

Why is sodium of concern in older adults

A

1500

Hypernatremia due to excess Na and dehydration

49
Q

Why is zinc a concern in older adults

A

8mg F, 11mg M

AIDS in immune function, sense of taste, wound healing and may help decrease risk of depression

50
Q

What are some macronutrients that accelerate aging

A

Glucose
Animal protein
Saturated/trans fats (butter/coconut oil)

51
Q

What are some macronutrients that extend lifespan

A 
Low GI index foods (veggies, fruits, whole grains, nuts/seeds)
Unsaturated fats (olive oil, fish, avocado)
52
Q

Longevity foods from blue zones

A 
Beans
Greens
Sweet potatoes
Nuts
Olive oil
Oats
Barley
Fruits
Green/herbal teas
Turmeric
53
Q

What are the always 4 and never 4 foods

A

Always: 100% whole wheat, nuts, beans, fruit

Never: sugar-sweetened beverages, salty snacks, processed meat, packages sweets

Clinical Nutrition (5 decks)

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