Nutrition Numbers Flashcards
Most important nutrients of concern for infants?
Vitamin D, K, B12
Iron
Zinc
What are the carb requirements for infancy
30-60% of energy
Who are iron supplements recommended for?
Breast feeding infant
Does of iron supplementation given and when in both full term and preterm infants?
Full term: at 4months 1mg/kg/day
Pre-term: at 1 month 2mg/kg/day
Vitamin D supplementation recommendations
400 IU/day for full or partially breastfed infants
When do to introduce water to infant
Small amounts 6-12 months
When to introduce honey and corn syrup to infant?
12+ months
When to introduce cows milk to infant?
12 months +
Whole milk 1-2 years then 2% until 5 years
0-6 months infant feeding
Breast milk/formula
Vitamin D/Iron supplements
6-8 months feeding
Formula: meat, eggs, veggies, fruit, infant cereals
Breastfed: “ but puréed
7-9 month infant feeding
Sliced bananas Cooked carrots Pasta Graham crackers Soft cheeses Introduce sippy cup and finger foods
9-12 month infant feeding
“Adult” soft foods
Still stay away from raw veggies, spoonfuls of peanut butter, notes/seeds/choking hazard foods
When to introduce juice
12+months
4-6ounce/day max 1-6years
Ratio of what in juice is best
Equal glucose/fructose juices are easier on the stomach
Ex: white grape juice
What is the most common nutritional deficiency in childhood?
Iron
What nutrients are important for childhood?
Iron
Ca
Vit D
Zinc
What are food jags?
Periods of liking/disliking foods
Are supplements recommended in childhood?
Only in children in eating disorders Chronic diseases Food-deprived families Weight management diet Vegetarian diet without dairy
What are examples of go, slow and whoa foods?
Go: whole grain, lean meat/poultry/fish, veggies, low fat
Slow: 2% dairy, refined flour, red meat, chicken with skin
Whoa: whole milk/deserts/junk food
What are some nutritional recommendations for kids with ADHD?
Stay away from refined sugar and high fat
Add EPA, folate, fiber
Recommendations for preventing chronic disease in childhood?
- saturated fat: 7-10%
- fiber (age +5g)
- Ca/VitD
- plants/probiotics
- 60 daily exercise + 3d/wk strength
What are the most common nutritional deficiencies in adolescence?
Iron
Ca
Vit D
folic acid
What are some food behaviors that may lead to nutrient deficiencies in adolescence?
Meal skipping Convenience foods Less family meals Media Dieting
What is the carb requirement for adolescence?
130g/day
What is the fiber requirement for adolescent m/f?
males: 9-13: 31
14-18: 38
Females: 9-18: 26g
What is the lipid recommendation for adolescence?
30-35% cal
Less than 10% SFA
Nutritional recommendations for reducing acne?
Low GI foods
Low in SFA
High in whole grains, fruits, veggies
Increase omega3s
Stage 1 treatment for adolescents
- remove TV screens
- 1hr activity daily
- 5+ fruits/veggies
- family meals
- 3 meals/day and reduce snacking
- eating mindfully
- lower energy dense food/beverages
- identifying correct portion sizes
Stage 2 treatment for obesity in adolescents
- daily food journals
- set food and activity goals
- limit screen time to 1 hr/day
- structured/timed meal plans
- reinforce + changes with non-food rewards
Stage 3 obesity treatment for adolescents
Performed by a multidisciplinary team
Very structured/monitored
Stage 4 treatment for obesity in adolescents
Meds
Surgery
Meal replacement/protein-sparing modified fasts
50% of obsess teens have?
Hyperlipidemia
Recommendations for physical activity in adolescents
60 min of daily activity (3 being vigorous)
3 days of strength
Teens who get pregnant within 4 years of first period are more at risk for what nutrient deficiencies
Folate Iron Zinc Ca VitD
What is the longevity protein called
SIRT1
What inhibits SIRT1
Overnutrition inhibits SIRT1
What induces SIRT1
Calorie restriction
Red wine
Purple grape juice
What are some physiologic changes that occur with aging that may influence nutrient intake or utilization
- Decreased taste/smell: increased sodium intake
- Achlorhydria: decreased Ca/B12 absorption
- Decreased gastric mucus: ulcers
What are the protein requirements for older patients?
0.8g/kg bw
What are the carb requirements for older adults
45-65% cal
What are the fiber requirements for older adults
M: 30
F: 21
What are the lipid requirements for older adults
20-35%
What are the micronutrients of concern for older patients?
B12 Vitamin D Folate Ca K Na Zn
Why is B12 of concern with older adults
Low intake and achlorhydria so decreased absorption
Why is Vitamin D a concern for older adults
800-1000
Impaired skin synthesis
Why is calcium of concern in older adults
1200
Achlorhydria leading to decreased absoprtion
Why is potassium of concern in older adults
4700
Helps decreased BP
Why is sodium of concern in older adults
1500
Hypernatremia due to excess Na and dehydration
Why is zinc a concern in older adults
8mg F, 11mg M
AIDS in immune function, sense of taste, wound healing and may help decrease risk of depression
What are some macronutrients that accelerate aging
Glucose
Animal protein
Saturated/trans fats (butter/coconut oil)
What are some macronutrients that extend lifespan
Low GI index foods (veggies, fruits, whole grains, nuts/seeds) Unsaturated fats (olive oil, fish, avocado)
Longevity foods from blue zones
Beans Greens Sweet potatoes Nuts Olive oil Oats Barley Fruits Green/herbal teas Turmeric
What are the always 4 and never 4 foods
Always: 100% whole wheat, nuts, beans, fruit
Never: sugar-sweetened beverages, salty snacks, processed meat, packages sweets
