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Nutrition > Nutrition Misinformation/Dietary Supplements > Flashcards

Nutrition Misinformation/Dietary Supplements Flashcards

1
Q

Reliable information is generated by ______

 Systematic research studies

A

science

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2
Q

Why is there so much nutrition misinformation?

A
  • quick and easy solution
  • sound scientific and reliable
  • offer solutions to problems
  • television and magazines
  • FDA does not regulate
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3
Q

Can I trust the media to deliver nutrition news?

A

only if you have an educated eye

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4
Q

-Peer Reviewed
-Description of
research methods &
subject
-Presented in context
of previous research

A

Reputable journal for information

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5
Q

Where can you get valid information? (3)

A
  • Credentials
  • Reputable Institution
  • Reputable Journal
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6
Q

Who meets the qualifications established by national and state regulations

A

Qualified Nutrition Professionals

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7
Q

-Registered dietitian (RD)
-Certified diabetes educator
These are apart of what organization

A

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

AND

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8
Q

 Signed into law in 1994 to amend the former
regulatory framework for the safety and
labeling of dietary supplements.

A

DSHEA

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9
Q

places dietary
supplements in a special category under the
general umbrella of “foods,” not drugs, and
requires that every supplement be labeled a
dietary supplement.

A

Dietary Supplement Health

and Education Act (DSHEA)

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10
Q

What are dietary supplements?

A

pill, capsule, tablet, powder, or liquid
intended to supplement the whole food
diet by providing a combination of the
following nutritional ingredients:

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11
Q

Dietary supplements DO NOT need premarket
approval from the FDA before they
are marketed, except in the case of what?

A

new

dietary ingredients.

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12
Q

3 requirements that a dietary supplements must have?

A
  1. must be labeled dietary supplement
  2. “supplement facts” panel is required
  3. supposed to list all ingredients but they don’t always do that
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13
Q

Supplement Marketing is overseen by who?

A

Federal Trade Commission

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14
Q

Product endorsements

Athletes, movie stars, etc.

A

Supplement Marketing

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15
Q

Testimonials

A

Supplement Marketing

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16
Q

Claimed “scientific research” backing:
-Studies/data is unpublished
-Done in foreign country

A

Supplement Marketing

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17
Q

False or untested structure/function

claims

A

Supplement Marketing

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18
Q

Estimated __ billion in yearly sales in the US alone

A

$25

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19
Q

__-__% of collegiate and Olympic-level athletes supplement

with at least 1 ingredient.

A

 70-90%

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20
Q

2005-2008 more than __% of US population used at least 1

dietary supplement.

A

50%

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21
Q

634 nonhormonal nutritional supplements: __% contaminated with banned substances or prohormones not
listed on the product and would have caused an athlete to
test positive during a doping test.

A

15%

22
Q

60 dietary supplements: __% contained banned
substances not on label (anabolic steroids and ephedrine)
(Martello, Felli, and Chiarotti, 2007)

A

12.5%

23
Q

-96% taking some form of a supplement

-Vitamin, energy enhancing products (e.g., Red
Bull), meal replacement bars/shakes, creatine
(males only), and weight loss supplements
(females only).

A

Student Athletes grades 9-12

24
Q

-80-90% taking some form of a supplement

-Female: multivitamins, Calcium/Vit D

-Males: AA and protein supplements.

A

Collegiate Athletes

25
Q

decrease by 8% (69-74%) compared to collegiate

Perhaps due to athletes stripped of medals

A

Olympic

26
Q

Substance or product that enhances performance

A

ergogenic aid

27
Q

Practice of enhancing performance using foreign substances or other artificial means.

A

“doping”

28
Q

WADA and USADA do what?

A

Oversight agencies for doping

29
Q

 Ingestion of substances that unbeknownst to the

athlete can cause a positive test for doping.

A

Inadvertent doping

30
Q

Ignorance of what substances are banned

Names in ingredients list are not recognized

Manufacturer may not list all ingredients

Product could be contaminated in production

A

Inadvertent Doping

31
Q 
-Anabolics

Prohormones and hormone releasers

Fat reducers

Anticatabolics

Vitamins and minerals
A

Coming Doping Agents

32
Q

Enhance the body’s ability to

build tissue, particularly muscle.

A

anabolics

33
Q
  • Testosterone
  • Anabolic-androgenic hormones
  • Growth hormone
A

Anabolics

34
Q

Substances touted to be converted to or
increase production of anabolic hormones in the
body.

A

Prohormones and Hormone

Releasers

35
Q

Androstenedione; “Andro”

Beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate (HMB)

A

Prohormone

36
Q
  • Ornithine and arginine

- Clonidine

A

Prohormones and Hormone Releasers

37
Q

Substances that:
-Decrease appetite
 -Increase fat mobilization and utilization
-Block absorption of ingested fats

A

Fat Reducers

38
Q

Caffeine
L-carnitine
Chitosan
Ephedrine

A

Fat reducers

39
Q

Substances that decrease the
breakdown of body tissues, thus
slowing protein degradation.

A

Anticatabolics

40
Q 
Glutamine

Branched chain amino acids

Leucine

Whey protein
A

Anticatabolics

41
Q

Micronutrients that may enhance enzyme activities and thus improve athletic performance.

A

Vitamins and minerals

42
Q
  • B vitamins
  • Chromium
  • Iron
A

Vitamin and minerals

43
Q 
Beet root
Caffeine
Coenzyme Q10
Energy bars/gels
Ginseng
Glycerol
L-carnitine
A

Nutritional Ergogenics Used by

Endurance Athletes

44
Q 
Anabolic steroids
Beta-alanine
Beta-hydroxybeta-
methyl
butyrate
Caffeine
Chromium
A

Nutritional Ergogenics Used by

Strength/Power Athletes

45
Q

What is a USP seal

A

dietary supplement that has been verified

46
Q

Unlike foods, supplements can easily cause ____ or ______

A

nutrient imbalances or toxicities.

47
Q

over ____ adverse events were
reported from vitamins, minerals, essential oils,
herbs, and other supplements.

A

125,000

48
Q

FDA reports well over 800 adverse incidents

associated with _____ consumption

A

ephedra

49
Q

2 Life-threatening side-effects of ephedrine include:

A

on the heart and

nervous system

50
Q

Banned substance discussed in class

A

ephedrine

Nutrition (6 decks)

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