Nutrition Misinformation/Dietary Supplements Flashcards
Reliable information is generated by ______
Systematic research studies
science
Why is there so much nutrition misinformation?
- quick and easy solution
- sound scientific and reliable
- offer solutions to problems
- television and magazines
- FDA does not regulate
Can I trust the media to deliver nutrition news?
only if you have an educated eye
-Peer Reviewed
-Description of
research methods &
subject
-Presented in context
of previous research
Reputable journal for information
Where can you get valid information? (3)
- Credentials
- Reputable Institution
- Reputable Journal
Who meets the qualifications established by national and state regulations
Qualified Nutrition Professionals
-Registered dietitian (RD)
-Certified diabetes educator
These are apart of what organization
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
AND
Signed into law in 1994 to amend the former
regulatory framework for the safety and
labeling of dietary supplements.
DSHEA
places dietary
supplements in a special category under the
general umbrella of “foods,” not drugs, and
requires that every supplement be labeled a
dietary supplement.
Dietary Supplement Health
and Education Act (DSHEA)
What are dietary supplements?
pill, capsule, tablet, powder, or liquid
intended to supplement the whole food
diet by providing a combination of the
following nutritional ingredients:
Dietary supplements DO NOT need premarket
approval from the FDA before they
are marketed, except in the case of what?
new
dietary ingredients.
3 requirements that a dietary supplements must have?
- must be labeled dietary supplement
- “supplement facts” panel is required
- supposed to list all ingredients but they don’t always do that
Supplement Marketing is overseen by who?
Federal Trade Commission
Product endorsements
Athletes, movie stars, etc.
Supplement Marketing
Testimonials
Supplement Marketing
Claimed “scientific research” backing:
-Studies/data is unpublished
-Done in foreign country
Supplement Marketing
False or untested structure/function
claims
Supplement Marketing
Estimated __ billion in yearly sales in the US alone
$25
__-__% of collegiate and Olympic-level athletes supplement
with at least 1 ingredient.
70-90%
2005-2008 more than __% of US population used at least 1
dietary supplement.
50%
634 nonhormonal nutritional supplements: __% contaminated with banned substances or prohormones not
listed on the product and would have caused an athlete to
test positive during a doping test.
15%
60 dietary supplements: __% contained banned
substances not on label (anabolic steroids and ephedrine)
(Martello, Felli, and Chiarotti, 2007)
12.5%
-96% taking some form of a supplement
-Vitamin, energy enhancing products (e.g., Red
Bull), meal replacement bars/shakes, creatine
(males only), and weight loss supplements
(females only).
Student Athletes grades 9-12
-80-90% taking some form of a supplement
-Female: multivitamins, Calcium/Vit D
-Males: AA and protein supplements.
Collegiate Athletes
decrease by 8% (69-74%) compared to collegiate
Perhaps due to athletes stripped of medals
Olympic
Substance or product that enhances performance
ergogenic aid
Practice of enhancing performance using foreign substances or other artificial means.
“doping”
WADA and USADA do what?
Oversight agencies for doping
Ingestion of substances that unbeknownst to the
athlete can cause a positive test for doping.
Inadvertent doping
Ignorance of what substances are banned
Names in ingredients list are not recognized
Manufacturer may not list all ingredients
Product could be contaminated in production
Inadvertent Doping
-Anabolics Prohormones and hormone releasers Fat reducers Anticatabolics Vitamins and minerals
Coming Doping Agents
Enhance the body’s ability to
build tissue, particularly muscle.
anabolics
- Testosterone
- Anabolic-androgenic hormones
- Growth hormone
Anabolics
Substances touted to be converted to or
increase production of anabolic hormones in the
body.
Prohormones and Hormone
Releasers
Androstenedione; “Andro”
Beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate (HMB)
Prohormone
- Ornithine and arginine
- Clonidine
Prohormones and Hormone Releasers
Substances that:
-Decrease appetite
-Increase fat mobilization and utilization
-Block absorption of ingested fats
Fat Reducers
Caffeine
L-carnitine
Chitosan
Ephedrine
Fat reducers
Substances that decrease the
breakdown of body tissues, thus
slowing protein degradation.
Anticatabolics
Glutamine Branched chain amino acids Leucine Whey protein
Anticatabolics
Micronutrients that may enhance enzyme activities and thus improve athletic performance.
Vitamins and minerals
- B vitamins
- Chromium
- Iron
Vitamin and minerals
Beet root Caffeine Coenzyme Q10 Energy bars/gels Ginseng Glycerol L-carnitine
Nutritional Ergogenics Used by
Endurance Athletes
Anabolic steroids Beta-alanine Beta-hydroxybeta- methyl butyrate Caffeine Chromium
Nutritional Ergogenics Used by
Strength/Power Athletes
What is a USP seal
dietary supplement that has been verified
Unlike foods, supplements can easily cause ____ or ______
nutrient imbalances or toxicities.
over ____ adverse events were
reported from vitamins, minerals, essential oils,
herbs, and other supplements.
125,000
FDA reports well over 800 adverse incidents
associated with _____ consumption
ephedra
2 Life-threatening side-effects of ephedrine include:
on the heart and
nervous system
Banned substance discussed in class
ephedrine
