Nutrition midterm exam

Question 1

Define nutrient

Answer 1

A nutrient is a substance that provides
nourishment essential for growth and
the maintenance of life

Question 2

Macronutrients supply?

Answer 2

Energy

Question 3

Micronutrients do not supply?

Answer 3

Energy

Question 4

3 MACRONUTRIENTS

Answer 4

1. Proteins
2. Carbohydrates
3. Fat

Question 5

3 MICRONUTRIENTS

Answer 5

4. Minerals
5. Vitamins
6. Water – the most important nutrient!

Question 6

six classes of nutrients which include:

Answer 6

MACRONUTRIENTS
1. Proteins
2. Carbohydrates
3. Fat
MICRONUTRIENTS
4. Minerals
5. Vitamins
6. Water – the most important nutrient!

Question 7

Define Essential

Answer 7

The body cannot synthesize it, it must be provided in the diet

Question 8

Define Non-essential

Answer 8

Can be synthesized by the body

Question 9

Define Obligate Carnivore

Answer 9

Depends on animal-based protein for survival.
- All cats are considered obligate carnivores

Question 10

1 calorie =?

Answer 10

= the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by
one degree Celsius

Question 11

what do Proteins provide

Answer 11

They maintain structure, provide energy and essential amino acids.

Question 12

Proteins are responsible for?

Answer 12

building and repairing muscles, growing hair and forming new skin cells

Question 13

1 gram protein = ?

Answer 13

4Kcal energy

Question 14

2 factors that affect protein quality:

Answer 14

1. Digestibility
2. Essential amino acid content

Question 15

define Palatability and what influences it?

Answer 15

How much a pet likes a food
- Influenced by odor, temperature, texture,
mouth-feel (shape of kibble), fat, water, salt

Question 16

define Digestibility and what influences it?

Answer 16

Digestibility refers to how much of a protein the body will use. Anything not used is discarded as waste.
- Influenced by the quality of ingredients and processing technique

Question 17

Dogs require how many essential amino acids

Answer 17

10

Question 18

Cats require how many essential amino acids?

Answer 18

11 cats need Taurine when dogs dont

Question 19

Daily water requirement for a 25kg Dog

Answer 19

Dogs= 60-80mls/kg per day
25kg x 60ml= 1500ml
25kg x 80ml=2000ml
- needs 1.5-2L of water a day

Question 20

Daily water requirement for a 5kg Cat

Answer 20

Cats = 50mls/kg per day
5kg x 50ml=250ml a day

Question 21

Cat daily water requirement equation

Answer 21

Cats = 50mls/kg per day

Question 22

Dog daily water requirement equation

Answer 22

Dogs= 60-80mls/kg per day

Question 23

Importance of Taurine in a cat’s diet

Answer 23

Cats are considered obligated carnivores and Animal sources of protein contain more essential amino acids than plant sources. studies found Taurine deficiency in cats was found to cause cardiac disease as well as retinal degeneration
leading to blindness

Question 24

Define insoluble fiber

Answer 24

Does not absorb water, adds bulk to stool and moves your food through the intestines faster.

Question 25

3 benefits of insoluble fiber

Answer 25

Increases fecal bulk Does not absorb water Stimulates motility

Question 26

Define soluble

Answer 26

absorbs water and turns into a gel which makes the body feel full and lower blood sugar

Question 27

3 examples of soluble fiber 3 examples of insoluble fiber

Answer 27

soluble fiber - oatmeal - oranges - avocados insoluble fiber - whole grains - Flax seeds - Crunchy vegetables

Question 28

4 benefits of soluble fibres

Answer 28

Improves stool quality Regulates motility Absorbs water Useful in cases of constipation

Question 29

Importance of vitamins and minerals in pet food

Question 30

how many minerals are essential for dogs and cats?

Answer 30

12

Question 31

2 groups of minerals

Answer 31

Macrominerals and Microminerals or trace minerals

Question 32

4 Macrominerals

Answer 32

Macrominerals -Calcium -Magnesium -Sodium -Potassium

Question 33

4 Microminerals or trace minerals

Answer 33

Microminerals or trace minerals - Iron -Copper -Zinc -Manganese

Question 34

True or False It is the balance of the amount of minerals that is important, too much of any mineral can cause harm

Answer 34

True

Question 35

2 groups of Vitamins

Answer 35

Fat-soluble and Water-soluble

Question 36

Define Fat-soluble and 4 types ii. Water-soluble (B,C): excreted with water loss, found mostly in vegetables

Answer 36

* Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the body fat and liver and may accumulate to toxic levels. They may not need to be ingested daily -Vitamins A,D,E and K

Question 37

Define water-soluble and 2 types

Answer 37

* Water-soluble vitamins have limited storage and excrete rapidly, making toxicity much less likely - vitamin B and C

Question 38

3 routs of daily water loss

Answer 38

1.Urinary excretion 2. Fecal water 3. Evaporation from lungs during respiration

Question 39

Define herbivore

Answer 39

Herbivore: eats only plants

Question 40

Define carnivore

Answer 40

Carnivore: eats only meats

Question 41

Define omnivore

Answer 41

Omnivore: eats both plants and meats

Question 42

Define Prehension

Answer 42

The act of bringing food into the mouth

Question 43

Define Mastication

Answer 43

mechanical break-down food by chewing it into smaller pieces