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Nutrition midterm exam Flashcards

1
Q

Define nutrient

A

A nutrient is a substance that provides
nourishment essential for growth and
the maintenance of life

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2
Q

Macronutrients supply?

A

Energy

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3
Q

Micronutrients do not supply?

A

Energy

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4
Q

3 MACRONUTRIENTS

A
  1. Proteins
  2. Carbohydrates
  3. Fat
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5
Q

3 MICRONUTRIENTS

A
  1. Minerals
  2. Vitamins
  3. Water – the most important nutrient!
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6
Q

six classes of nutrients which include:

A

MACRONUTRIENTS
1. Proteins
2. Carbohydrates
3. Fat
MICRONUTRIENTS
4. Minerals
5. Vitamins
6. Water – the most important nutrient!

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7
Q

Define Essential

A

The body cannot synthesize it, it must be provided in the diet

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8
Q

Define Non-essential

A

Can be synthesized by the body

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9
Q

Define Obligate Carnivore

A

Depends on animal-based protein for survival.
- All cats are considered obligate carnivores

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10
Q

1 calorie =?

A

= the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by
one degree Celsius

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11
Q

what do Proteins provide

A

They maintain structure, provide energy and essential amino acids.

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12
Q

Proteins are responsible for?

A

building and repairing muscles, growing hair and forming new skin cells

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13
Q

1 gram protein = ?

A

4Kcal energy

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14
Q

2 factors that affect protein quality:

A
  1. Digestibility
  2. Essential amino acid content
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15
Q

define Palatability and what influences it?

A

How much a pet likes a food
- Influenced by odor, temperature, texture,
mouth-feel (shape of kibble), fat, water, salt

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16
Q

define Digestibility and what influences it?

A

Digestibility refers to how much of a protein the body will use. Anything not used is discarded as waste.
- Influenced by the quality of ingredients and processing technique

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17
Q

Dogs require how many essential amino acids

A

10

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18
Q

Cats require how many essential amino acids?

A

11 cats need Taurine when dogs dont

19
Q

Daily water requirement for a 25kg Dog

A

Dogs= 60-80mls/kg per day
25kg x 60ml= 1500ml
25kg x 80ml=2000ml
- needs 1.5-2L of water a day

20
Q

Daily water requirement for a 5kg Cat

A

Cats = 50mls/kg per day
5kg x 50ml=250ml a day

21
Q

Cat daily water requirement equation

A

Cats = 50mls/kg per day

22
Q

Dog daily water requirement equation

A

Dogs= 60-80mls/kg per day

23
Q

Importance of Taurine in a cat’s diet

A

Cats are considered obligated carnivores and Animal sources of protein contain more essential amino acids than plant sources. studies found Taurine deficiency in cats was found to cause cardiac disease as well as retinal degeneration
leading to blindness

24
Q

Define insoluble fiber

A

Does not absorb water, adds bulk to stool and moves your food through the intestines faster.

25
Q

3 benefits of insoluble fiber

A

Increases fecal bulk
Does not absorb water
Stimulates motility

26
Q

Define soluble

A

absorbs water and turns into a gel which makes the body feel full and lower blood sugar

27
Q

3 examples of soluble fiber
3 examples of insoluble fiber

A

soluble fiber
- oatmeal
- oranges
- avocados
insoluble fiber
- whole grains
- Flax seeds
- Crunchy vegetables

28
Q

4 benefits of soluble fibres

A

Improves stool quality
Regulates motility
Absorbs water
Useful in cases of constipation

29
Q

Importance of vitamins and minerals in pet food

A
30
Q

how many minerals are essential for dogs and cats?

A

12

31
Q

2 groups of minerals

A

Macrominerals and Microminerals or trace minerals

32
Q

4 Macrominerals

A

Macrominerals
-Calcium
-Magnesium
-Sodium
-Potassium

33
Q

4 Microminerals or trace minerals

A

Microminerals or trace minerals
- Iron
-Copper
-Zinc
-Manganese

34
Q

True or False
It is the balance of the amount of minerals that
is important, too much of any mineral can cause
harm

A

True

35
Q

2 groups of Vitamins

A

Fat-soluble and Water-soluble

36
Q

Define Fat-soluble and 4 types

ii. Water-soluble (B,C): excreted with
water loss, found mostly in vegetables

A
  • Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the body fat
    and liver and may accumulate to toxic levels.
    They may not need to be ingested daily
    -Vitamins A,D,E and K
37
Q

Define water-soluble and 2 types

A
  • Water-soluble vitamins have limited storage and
    excrete rapidly, making toxicity much less likely
  • vitamin B and C
38
Q

3 routs of daily water loss

A

1.Urinary excretion
2. Fecal water
3. Evaporation from lungs during
respiration

39
Q

Define herbivore

A

Herbivore: eats only plants

40
Q

Define carnivore

A

Carnivore: eats only meats

41
Q

Define omnivore

A

Omnivore: eats both plants and meats

42
Q

Define Prehension

A

The act of bringing food into
the mouth

43
Q

Define Mastication

A

mechanical break-down
food by chewing it into smaller pieces

44
Q
A

exam (6 decks)

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