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Large animal exam Flashcards

1
Q

Bull means?

A

Intact male bovine

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2
Q

Mare means?

A

Adult female equine

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3
Q

Stallion means?

A

Intact adult male equine

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4
Q

Cow means?

A

Female that has calved

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5
Q

Filly means?

A

Female horse under 4 years old

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6
Q

Heifer means?

A

Young female cow that has not calved

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7
Q

Gelding means?

A

Neutered adult male equine

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8
Q

Colt means?

A

Male equine under 1 year old

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9
Q

Foal means?

A

Young equine under 1 year old

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10
Q

How should you approach a horse and why?

A

Always approach from the left (near) side calmly because they are prey animals and have blind spots and can spook easily

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11
Q

Wolf teeth erupt in what % of horses at what age?

A

70% at 5-12 months
are usually removed

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12
Q

what do horses have that lets them sleep standing up?

A

Stay apparatus in their legs

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13
Q

Stallions who don’t have their own harem form what?

A

Bachelor Herds, try to claim mares from other harems

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14
Q

Horses knee is called?

A

Carpal joint

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15
Q

What is dry cow

A

Milk production ceases prior to calving

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16
Q

How does a twitch work?

A

applied properly it releases endorphins, resulting in a calming effect

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17
Q

Main live stock products in Atlantic Canada are

A

Dairy, Poultry and Beef

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18
Q

Where are horses measured

A

From the ground to the withers, measured in Hands

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19
Q

1 hand=__inches when measuring horses

A

12in

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20
Q

What is a Cow?

A

A female that has calved

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21
Q

What are Nose tongs and Halters used for

A

Types of restraint for bovine

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22
Q

Leg wraps on horses are used for what 3 things?

A

reduce swelling post-exercising,
protect healing wounds,
prevent wounds

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23
Q

3 purposes of a tail wrap on a horse

A

protects against injury,
Hygiene reasons,
ties tail out the way

24
Q

Who should be onsite when booking a farm call

A

Someone who is knowledgeable if there are numerous animals to be seen and difficult procedures done

25
Q

Farm/Barn Calls are organized by who?

A

Barn owner rather than horse owner. Barn calls save on vet fees, usually annual exams of all animals on-site

26
Q

Pregnancy time frame called?

A

Gestation Period

27
Q

5 types of Environmental Enrichment for horses

A

Social
Nutritional
Occupational
Physical
Sensory

28
Q

in a herd of equine how many dominant stallion’s will defend a herd

A

One, this stallion does most the breeding

29
Q

signs of boredom?

A

Cribbing, weaving.

30
Q

When examining a horse do we want to hear borborygmi?

A

Yes, three stages of gut motility

31
Q

What are 3 roles Veterinarian has in Live stock Production

A

To provide:
Individual animal care
Herd-level animal care
Consulting with producers

32
Q

True or false:
Herd Level animal care would include the prevention of herd out breaks.

A

True

33
Q

What is Mastitis

A

Inflammation of the mammary glands. Infection

34
Q

point of balance is located at an animals…?

A

Withers

35
Q

Define Finished

A

Fattened and ready to be sold ​

36
Q

what are three Terminal Breeds of bovine

A

Simmental​

Charolais​

Limousin

37
Q

Most herds use ____________programs ​

A

cross breeding

38
Q

define Veal calf

A

all male dairy cows not to be kept for breeding​

39
Q

Holstein breed originated?

A

in the Netherlands

40
Q

What are pros for individual housing of calves

A

Minimize spread of disease,
easily disinfect between animals,
can monitor how much they are eating,
minimize cross-sucking

41
Q

What are cons for individual housing of calves

A

less social interactions and play behaviour which is important​ to calves​

42
Q

What is the Esophageal Groove?

A

bypasses the reticulum​ and rumen and enters into the abomasum

43
Q

name 2 Housing Systems for Dairy Cattle ​

A

Tie Stall
&
Free Stall

44
Q

what can mastitis cause if left untreated?

A

Sepsis and death

45
Q

what is Hypocalcemia

A

Inability of cow to move enough calcium from bone into milk fast enough​

46
Q

What is a Tail Jack

A

Helps immobilize animal briefly​
Tail lifted and slight pressure forward​ and distracts them, minimizes movement ​back and forth and minimizes the risk of ​kicking​, (Restraint technique)

47
Q

3 methods of Handling Downed Cows ​

A

Place on sled​
Hip lifters​
Water therapy ​

48
Q

what is the average cow herd size? ​

A

69

49
Q

Holstein milk has….

A

More volume and less milk fat

50
Q

What is a Self-locking Headgate?

A

Cow will put head in, and gate will lock ​

Low stress handling ​

Cows can move their rear ends​

​Great for reproductive exams in dairy herds ​

51
Q

True or false
cows have 4 stomachs

A

True

52
Q

4 stomachs names

A

Rumen
Reticulum
Omasum
Abomasum

53
Q

Bovine gestation?

A

275-285 days

54
Q

Equine gestation?

A

333 to 342

55
Q

Cull cow =

A

cows that are chosen to leave the herd

56
Q

Finished =

A

Fattened and ready to be sold

57
Q

types of enrichment and example

A

Social- direct or indirect contact with horses
Nutritional- entertainment while eating
Occupational- exercise through toys, travelling to eat
Physical- larger enclosures
Sensory- music

exam (6 decks)

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