Large animal exam

Question 1

Bull means?

Answer 1

Intact male bovine

Question 2

Mare means?

Answer 2

Adult female equine

Question 3

Stallion means?

Answer 3

Intact adult male equine

Question 4

Cow means?

Answer 4

Female that has calved

Question 5

Filly means?

Answer 5

Female horse under 4 years old

Question 6

Heifer means?

Answer 6

Young female cow that has not calved

Question 7

Gelding means?

Answer 7

Neutered adult male equine

Question 8

Colt means?

Answer 8

Male equine under 1 year old

Question 9

Foal means?

Answer 9

Young equine under 1 year old

Question 10

How should you approach a horse and why?

Answer 10

Always approach from the left (near) side calmly because they are prey animals and have blind spots and can spook easily

Question 11

Wolf teeth erupt in what % of horses at what age?

Answer 11

70% at 5-12 months
are usually removed

Question 12

what do horses have that lets them sleep standing up?

Answer 12

Stay apparatus in their legs

Question 13

Stallions who don’t have their own harem form what?

Answer 13

Bachelor Herds, try to claim mares from other harems

Question 14

Horses knee is called?

Answer 14

Carpal joint

Question 15

What is dry cow

Answer 15

Milk production ceases prior to calving

Question 16

How does a twitch work?

Answer 16

applied properly it releases endorphins, resulting in a calming effect

Question 17

Main live stock products in Atlantic Canada are

Answer 17

Dairy, Poultry and Beef

Question 18

Where are horses measured

Answer 18

From the ground to the withers, measured in Hands

Question 19

1 hand=__inches when measuring horses

Answer 19

12in

Question 20

What is a Cow?

Answer 20

A female that has calved

Question 21

What are Nose tongs and Halters used for

Answer 21

Types of restraint for bovine

Question 22

Leg wraps on horses are used for what 3 things?

Answer 22

reduce swelling post-exercising,
protect healing wounds,
prevent wounds

Question 23

3 purposes of a tail wrap on a horse

Answer 23

protects against injury,
Hygiene reasons,
ties tail out the way

Question 24

Who should be onsite when booking a farm call

Answer 24

Someone who is knowledgeable if there are numerous animals to be seen and difficult procedures done

Question 25

Farm/Barn Calls are organized by who?

Answer 25

Barn owner rather than horse owner. Barn calls save on vet fees, usually annual exams of all animals on-site

Question 26

Pregnancy time frame called?

Answer 26

Gestation Period

Question 27

5 types of Environmental Enrichment for horses

Answer 27

Social Nutritional Occupational Physical Sensory

Question 28

in a herd of equine how many dominant stallion's will defend a herd

Answer 28

One, this stallion does most the breeding

Question 29

signs of boredom?

Answer 29

Cribbing, weaving.

Question 30

When examining a horse do we want to hear borborygmi?

Answer 30

Yes, three stages of gut motility

Question 31

What are 3 roles Veterinarian has in Live stock Production

Answer 31

To provide: Individual animal care Herd-level animal care Consulting with producers

Question 32

True or false: Herd Level animal care would include the prevention of herd out breaks.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What is Mastitis

Answer 33

Inflammation of the mammary glands. Infection

Question 34

point of balance is located at an animals…?

Answer 34

Withers

Question 35

Define Finished

Answer 35

Fattened and ready to be sold ​

Question 36

what are three Terminal Breeds of bovine

Answer 36

Simmental​ Charolais​ Limousin

Question 37

Most herds use ____________programs ​

Answer 37

cross breeding

Question 38

define Veal calf

Answer 38

all male dairy cows not to be kept for breeding​

Question 39

Holstein breed originated?

Answer 39

in the Netherlands

Question 40

What are pros for individual housing of calves

Answer 40

Minimize spread of disease, easily disinfect between animals, can monitor how much they are eating, minimize cross-sucking

Question 41

What are cons for individual housing of calves

Answer 41

less social interactions and play behaviour which is important​ to calves​

Question 42

What is the Esophageal Groove?

Answer 42

bypasses the reticulum​ and rumen and enters into the abomasum

Question 43

name 2 Housing Systems for Dairy Cattle ​

Answer 43

Tie Stall & Free Stall

Question 44

what can mastitis cause if left untreated?

Answer 44

Sepsis and death

Question 45

what is Hypocalcemia

Answer 45

Inability of cow to move enough calcium from bone into milk fast enough​

Question 46

What is a Tail Jack

Answer 46

Helps immobilize animal briefly​ Tail lifted and slight pressure forward​ and distracts them, minimizes movement ​back and forth and minimizes the risk of ​kicking​, (Restraint technique)

Question 47

3 methods of Handling Downed Cows ​

Answer 47

Place on sled​ Hip lifters​ Water therapy ​

Question 48

what is the average cow herd size? ​

Answer 48

69

Question 49

Holstein milk has….

Answer 49

More volume and less milk fat

Question 50

What is a Self-locking Headgate?

Answer 50

Cow will put head in, and gate will lock ​ Low stress handling ​ Cows can move their rear ends​ ​Great for reproductive exams in dairy herds ​

Question 51

True or false cows have 4 stomachs

Answer 51

True

Question 52

4 stomachs names

Answer 52

Rumen Reticulum Omasum Abomasum

Question 53

Bovine gestation?

Answer 53

275-285 days

Question 54

Equine gestation?

Answer 54

333 to 342

Question 55

Cull cow =

Answer 55

cows that are chosen to leave the herd

Question 56

Finished =

Answer 56

Fattened and ready to be sold

Question 57

types of enrichment and example

Answer 57

Social- direct or indirect contact with horses Nutritional- entertainment while eating Occupational- exercise through toys, travelling to eat Physical- larger enclosures Sensory- music