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exotics Flashcards

1
Q

Female rabbit

A

Doe

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2
Q

rabbit Species

A

lagomorphs/Lagomorpha

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3
Q

Male Rabbit

A

Buck

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4
Q

A group of young rabbits is called

A

Litter

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5
Q

Young rabbits are called

A

Kits

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6
Q

ARBA means?

A

American Rabbit Breeders Association

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7
Q

Rabbits are Endotherms meaning?

A

they maintain a consistent body temperature independent of the environment.

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8
Q

an animals body temperature independent of the environment is called?

A

an Endotherm

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9
Q

7 Common rabbit breeds

A

Dutch rabbit
Angora
Holland
English
Dwarf Lop
Flemish Giant
rex rabbit
and more

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10
Q

ARBA stands for?

A

American Rabbit Breeders Association

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11
Q

Lagomorphs descended from?

A

The European wild rabbit

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12
Q

Animals active at dusk and dawn are?

A

Crepuscular

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13
Q

__% of a rabbits body weight is bone

A

8%

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14
Q

__% of a rabbits skeleton is make up of _____?

A

51% Marrow

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15
Q

crepuscular means?

A

Animal that is primarily active at dusk and dawn

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16
Q

true or false
rabbits are Herbivores?

A

True

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17
Q

Define herbivore?

A

an organism that feeds on plants, these animals are anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material.

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18
Q

True of false
Rabbits are Hind-gut Fermenters?

A

True

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19
Q

what is a Hind-gut Fermenter?

A

A digestive process seen in monogastric herbivores, takes place in the large intestine and cecum.

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20
Q

A digestive process seen in monogastric herbivores, takes place in the large intestine and the cecum is called?

A

Hind-gut Fermenter

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21
Q

define Cellulose?

A

A substance which is the main constituent of plant cell walls and of vegetable fiber’s insoluble for humans but not herbivores.

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22
Q

A substance which is the main constituent of plant cell walls and of vegetable fibers insoluble for humans but not herbivores is called?

A

Cellulose

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23
Q

other hind-gut fermenters are?(6)

A

Rabbit
Horse
Chinchillas
Rhinos
Guinea pigs
Elephants

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24
Q

The cecum comprises __% of a hind-gut fermenter’s total GI capacity

A

40%

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25
Q

a secondary type of rabbit poop produced my the cecum is?

A

Cecotropes

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26
Q

True or False
Rabbits are a prey species with a wide field of vision

A

True

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27
Q

rabbits have __ types of bones?

A

23 types

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28
Q

where food particles go for further break down of fibers including cellulose
for absorption?

A

The cecum

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29
Q

The act of eating cecotropes or “soft feces”?

A

Cecotrophy

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30
Q

Coprophagy means?

A

The eating of feces

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31
Q

The eating of feces is called?

A

Coprophagy

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32
Q

cecotrophy typically occurs when?

A

In the evenings
or early mornings

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33
Q

why cant rabbits vomit?

A

They lack a gag reflex and, have a thin and weak diaphragm resulting in the lack of strength to vomit

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34
Q

True or False?
rabbits can pass gas

A

False

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35
Q

80-85% of a rabbits diet should be?

A

Hay

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36
Q

hypsodont teeth means?

A

High-crowned teeth with enamel extending past the gum line

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37
Q

diphyodont dentition means?

A

2 sets of teeth

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38
Q

True or False
a rabbits diphyodont teeth never stop growning?

A

True

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39
Q

define Malocclusion

A

Defined as imperfect positioning or meeting of the teeth when the jaws are closed

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40
Q

Rabbits are prone to miss-aligned teeth called?

A

Malocclusion

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41
Q

a rabbits mouth only opens 20-25 degrees so under sedation a _____ is used to visualize teeth

A

Otoscope

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42
Q

Female rabbit ovulation (release of the egg)
takes place only when mating occurs and is called?

A

an Induced ovulator

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43
Q

when gendering a rabbit only a doe has a?

A

Dewlap

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44
Q

Dewlaps are used for?

A

Dewlaps essentially just allow for more fluff
Does will pluck from this area primarily when preparing a nest for kindling

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45
Q

4 Benefits of Spaying

A

Reduces aggressive behaviour
Prevents false or real pregnancies
Prevention of uterine adenocarcinoma
Prevention of pyometra and endometritis

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46
Q

4 Benefits of Neutering

A

Reduces aggressive behaviour
Prevention of testicular cancers
Reduces urine marking A.K.A spraying behaviours
Decreases urine smell and encourages better litterbox habits

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47
Q

True or False
Rabbits should never be fasted?

A

TRUE

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48
Q
A
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49
Q

enamel is?

A

thin but strong and protective outer covering

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50
Q

Dentin

A

supports the structure of enamel

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51
Q

_____ is thin but strong and protective outer covering of teeth

A

Enamel

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52
Q

____ supports the structure of enamel

A

Dentin

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53
Q

____ is Comprised of connective tissue,
blood vessels, and cells?

A

pulp

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54
Q

hypsodont teeth means?

A

High-crowned teeth with enamel extending past the gum line

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55
Q

true or false?
rabbits have hypsodont teeth

A

TRUE

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56
Q

Monophyodont means?

A

Having one set of teeth for life

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57
Q

Diphyodont means?

A

Development of 2 sets of teeth

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58
Q

True or false?
Rabbits have diphyodont dentition?

A

TRUE Rabbits have diphyodont dentition!

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59
Q

Baby bunnies have __ deciduous (primary) teeth

A

Baby bunnies have 16 deciduous (primary) teeth

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60
Q

Adult rabbits have __ permanent (secondary) adult teeth

A

28 permanent (secondary) adult teeth

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61
Q

Rabbits have different types and shapes of
teeth called?

A

heterodonts

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62
Q

Rabbits have heterodonts, this means?

A

They have different types and shapes of
teeth

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63
Q

The space between the incisors and premolars is called?

A

diastema

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64
Q

Does can have __ kits per year?

A

72 kits

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65
Q

Ferrets are from the family called?

A

musteidae

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66
Q

The family musteidae icludes what animals?(6)

A

skunks, weasels, mink, otter, marten and badger

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67
Q

A group of ferrets is called?

A

a business

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68
Q

Sexual dimorphism is?

A

condition where the two sexes of the same species exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their sexual organs

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69
Q

condition where the two sexes of the same species
exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their sexual organs

A

Sexual dimorphism

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70
Q

Sexual dimorphism differences in ferrets may include?

A

size, weight, colour, markings, and may also include behavioural and cognitive differences

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71
Q

true or false
Ferrets are nocturnal?

A

TRUE

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72
Q

Sebaceous Glands produce?

A

musky odor

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73
Q

Real Canadian ferret – Manitoba have what tattooed on their ear?

A

“H”

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74
Q

Marshall Farms ferrits have _ dots on the ear

A

2

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75
Q

One dot on a ferrets ear indicates?
two indicate?

A

-that the ferret has been spayed or neutered.
-2 mean that its anal scent glands have also been surgically removed

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76
Q

Ferrets are prone to what illnesses? (3)

A

Waardenburg’s Syndrome,
heart disease and cancer

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77
Q

ferret life span?

A

5-10 years

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78
Q

ferret gestation days?

A

41-43 days

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79
Q

rabbit gestationis how manny weeks?

A

4 weeks

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80
Q

rabbit life span?

A

6-9 years depending on breed and husbandry

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81
Q

true or false
Ferrits are Obligate Carnivores

A

true

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82
Q

scruffing
A) can kill a ferret
B) scares Ferrets
C) calms ferrets
D) trances ferrets

A

C) calms ferrets, they will often yawn

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83
Q

Male ferret is called?

A

Hob

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84
Q

Female ferret is called?

A

Jill

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85
Q

spayed female ferret is called?

A

a sprite

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86
Q

neutered male is called?

A

Gib

87
Q

vasectomised male ferret is known as?

A

Hoblet

88
Q

True or False
Jills are induced ovulators

A

True

89
Q

altricial young animals are?

A

Dependent on parent

90
Q

Gestation is about __ days

A

42

91
Q

True or False?
ferrets are able to catch the human cold

A

True

92
Q

What are rodents?

A

Rodents are gnawing animals that have continuously growing upper and lower
incisors

93
Q

gnawing animals that have continuously growing upper and lower
incisors are?

A

Rodents

94
Q

common house mouse species

A

Mus musculus

95
Q

are mouse nocturnal or diurnal?

A

nocturnal

96
Q

Whitten Effect is?

A

When a group of female mice are exposed
to a male, the majority of the females will
enter estrus on the third night

97
Q

Bruce Effect is?

A

A pregnant female will terminate the
pregnancy if exposed to a new male
within 48 hours of the original
copulation

98
Q

When a group of female mice are exposed
to a male, the majority of the females will
enter estrus on the third night this is called the ? effect

A

Whitten Effect

99
Q

A pregnant female will terminate the
pregnancy if exposed to a new male
within 48 hours of the original
copulation is called?

A

Bruce Effect

100
Q

a group of rats is called?

A

a Mischief

101
Q

rat gland that Produces a secretion rich in lipid and porphyrin used to lubricate the eye and also a source of pheromones
-Porphyrins produce a reddish
coloration to the tears and can stain
the face and feet when spread by
grooming

A

Harderian gland

102
Q

Male rats are called?

A

called bucks

103
Q

Female rats are called are called?
and called___ if pregnant or after
giving birth

A

does
and
dams

104
Q
  • Young rats are called?
A

pups

105
Q

Rats have ?-? pairs of mammary glands

A

4-6

106
Q

rat teeth are _______?

A

hypsodontic

107
Q

Mice Life span

A

1-2 years

108
Q

Rat life span?

A

3 years

109
Q

most common tumor in rats?

A

Benign mammary tumor

110
Q

Chinchilla family?

A

Family: Chinchillidae

111
Q

subspecies
short-tailed chinchilla called?
long-tailed chinchilla, most common type kept as pets called?

A

Chinchilla Brevicaudata
Chinchilla Langier

112
Q

chinchillas live in colonies called?

A

Herds

113
Q

chinchilla life span?

A

life span: ~ 10-15 years
* Can live up to 20 years in captivity

114
Q

Chinchillas prefer hot or cooler temperatures?

A

prefer cooler temperatures

115
Q

true or false?
chinchillas are nocturnal?

A

True.

116
Q

are Chinchillas herbivores?

A

Yes, they need 80-85% of their die to be hay.

117
Q

Male chinchillas are called?

A

Bucklets

118
Q

Female chinchillas are called?

A

Doelets

119
Q

chinchilla gestation?

A

110-138 days

120
Q

young chinchillas are called?

A

kits

121
Q

kit chinchillas that are ready to run at birth are called?

A

precocial

122
Q

Hamsters gestation is?

A

16 days

123
Q

True or false?
Hamsters are a crepuscular?

A

True

124
Q

hamsters eat what? This makes them a herbivore, omnivores or carnivore?

A

hamsters are omnivores and will eat everything if they get hungry enough

125
Q

Male hamsters have open ____ ____ which means that they can draw their testicles up
into their abdomen

A

Males have open inguinal canals

126
Q

hamster gestation is how many days?

A

Gestation: 16 days

127
Q

young hamsters are called?

A

Pups

128
Q

if a female hamster is disturbed a female may?

A

Females may cannibalize litter or hide in cheek pouches if disturbed
* Cheek pouches can suffocate offspring

129
Q

what type of ovulators are hamsters?

A

Spontaneous ovulators

130
Q

hamsters have _ - _ pairs of mammary glands

A

Hamsters have 6-7 pairs of mammary glands

131
Q

Gerbils belong to the same family as mice and rats called

A

Muridae

132
Q

A group of gerbils is called?

A

A clan

133
Q

what are the only 2 types of gerbils that can be kept as pets?

A

the Mongolian
gerbil and the fat-tailed gerbil

134
Q

Mongolian gerbil life span?

A

2-5 years

135
Q

two orders of birds that are kept?

A

Psittaciformes (parrots) and the Passeriformes (canaries and finches)

136
Q

true or false
Anatomically and physiologically ALL birds are different

A

True

137
Q

Feathers are made of?

A

keratin

138
Q

what is keratin?

A

a fibrous structural protein

139
Q

parrots are what? with a curved beak?

A

Psittacines

140
Q

Passerine is what bird with a pointed beak

A

songbird

141
Q

Dimorphic means?

A

Each sex has different physical characteristics

142
Q

Monomorphic means?

A

Each sex appears physically the same.

143
Q

Baby bird which has not yet left the nest is called?

A

Hatchling

144
Q

baby bird which can leave the nest, but not eat on their own yet is called?

A

Fledgling

145
Q

4 feather uses?

A

flight, insulation/thermoregulation, protection and attracting a
mate

146
Q

wing remiges and tail rectrices are called?

A

primaries

147
Q

A triangular plate formed of the fused caudal vertebrae, typically supporting the
tail feathers is called?

A

Pygostyle

148
Q

Pygostyle is?

A

A triangular plate formed of the fused caudal vertebrae, typically supporting the
tail feathers

149
Q

Large feathers that radiate from the radius and the ulna are called?

A

Secondaries

150
Q

Feathers that are over the body, wings and tail are called?

A

Contour

151
Q

(Birds)
“vane” is what part of the feather?

A

flattened part of the feather.

152
Q

hollow part of the shaft that attached the feather to the follicle is called?

A

Calamus Shaft

153
Q

soft barbs used for warmth are called?

A

Downy barbs

154
Q

downy lower barbs of a
feather are called?

A

Afterfeather

155
Q

branches off the rachis which form
the vane are called?

A

Barb:

156
Q

the upper portion of the feather shaft,
barbs are attached to the ____

A

Rachis

157
Q

bird Skin is very thin (?-? cell layers thick)

A

2-4 cell layers thick

158
Q

the gland that helps water
proof the bird – absent in certain breeds such as Amazon parrots

A

Bilobed uropygial (preen) gland

159
Q

true or false?
the ear gland is present in most bird species

A

False
Ear gland is absent in most species

160
Q

True or False?
birds have hollow bones?

A

True

161
Q

what bird bone is an extension of the sternum and provides attachment for flight muscles

A

the keel

162
Q

(bird)
The lack of muscle mass and/or
prominence of the keel bone is
used to evaluate what?

A

Body Condition Score (BCS)

163
Q

area at the base of
the upper beak that surrounds the
nostrils is called?

A

The cere

164
Q

(bird)
only opening through which
feces, urates and eggs can pass through is?

A

The cloaca

165
Q

(bird)
Cloaca is the?

A

rectum

166
Q

(bird)
white portion of the excrement, waste
products from protein breakdown during
digestion

A

Urates

167
Q

water like portion of the excrement

A

urine

168
Q

in order for a bIrd to breathe, they move their chest up and down by relying on muscle movement and pressure changes in the air sacs for air flow, why?

A

They have no diaphram

169
Q

Birds diet
?% formulated pellets.
?% fresh fruits and vegetables.
< ?% treats: seed, nut, dried fruit,
bread

A

90% formulated pellets.
10% fresh fruits and vegetables.
< 1% treats: seed, nut, dried fruit,
bread

170
Q

Birds natural act of self-grooming called?

A

Preening

171
Q

True or false?
New feathers can bleed

A

True

172
Q

Average weight of rabbits is

A

5–8 lbs with females typically larger than males

173
Q

vegies comprise approximately what % of a rabbit’s diet?

A

8-10% of their diet

174
Q

Rabbits can breed again less than __ hours after having a litter

A

24

175
Q

rabbit gestation is __ weeks

A

4

176
Q

Rabbit temperature is?

A

Temperature – 38.3-40.0°C

177
Q

rabbit pulse is?

A

Pulse – 130-325 bpm

178
Q

what is AEMV

A

association of exotic mammal veterinarian

179
Q

ferret Weight is about?

A

1.5–4 pounds (0.7–2 kg)

180
Q

Ferret lifespan?

A

5 to 10 years

181
Q

Ferret Gestation days?

A

41-43 days

182
Q

Ferret temperature

A

37.7-39.7 C

183
Q

Ferret Pulse

A

180-250 bpm

184
Q

Ferrets have __ permanent teeth

A

34 permanent teeth

185
Q

Mouse Gestation ?-? days

A

19-21 days

186
Q

12-36 hours post-mating what can be found on a mouses vagina

A

a waxy plug can be found on the vagina

187
Q

Female mice can enter estrus within ? hours of parturition

A

24h

188
Q

rats are ___estrous

A

Polyestrous

189
Q

rat estrous length in days?

A

Estrus length 4-5 days

190
Q

mice life span

A

1-2 years

191
Q

Rat lifespan

A

3 years

192
Q
A
193
Q
A
194
Q

Chinchilla dentition?

A

20 teeth – 4 incisors and 16 molar

195
Q

Chinchilla gestation days?

A

Gestation: 110 – 138 days

196
Q
A
197
Q

hamster pulse

A

280-500 bpm

198
Q

Hamsters gestation

A

Gestation: 16 days

199
Q

Mongolian gerbil life span?

A

2-5 years

200
Q

PASSERINES are ____ birds

A

song

201
Q

Feather = on both sides from center

A

Tail feather

202
Q

Feather with one side larger than the other side?

A

Flight

203
Q

fluffed out feather

A

Semiplum

204
Q

long rachis with fluff ontop

A

Filoplume

205
Q

long rachis with fluff on the bottom

A

Bristle

206
Q

small fluffy feather

A

Downy

207
Q

The main shaft of the feather

A

Rachis

208
Q

rachis have small _____ attached

A

Barbs

209
Q

Barbs have what that hook into each other at an angle?

A

Barbules

210
Q

True or False?
New feathers can bleed?

A

True
New feathers can bleed, once the feather is mature the blood supply is sealed off (like human nails)

211
Q

barbs near the hollow shaft(calamus) are called?

A

Downy barbs

212
Q

clear hollow shaft that attaches the feather to the follicle called?

A

Calamus Shaft

213
Q

what does the preen gland do?

A

The preen gland helps water
proof the bird

214
Q
A

exam (6 decks)

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