exotics Flashcards
Female rabbit
Doe
rabbit Species
lagomorphs/Lagomorpha
Male Rabbit
Buck
A group of young rabbits is called
Litter
Young rabbits are called
Kits
ARBA means?
American Rabbit Breeders Association
Rabbits are Endotherms meaning?
they maintain a consistent body temperature independent of the environment.
an animals body temperature independent of the environment is called?
an Endotherm
7 Common rabbit breeds
Dutch rabbit
Angora
Holland
English
Dwarf Lop
Flemish Giant
rex rabbit
and more
ARBA stands for?
American Rabbit Breeders Association
Lagomorphs descended from?
The European wild rabbit
Animals active at dusk and dawn are?
Crepuscular
__% of a rabbits body weight is bone
8%
__% of a rabbits skeleton is make up of _____?
51% Marrow
crepuscular means?
Animal that is primarily active at dusk and dawn
true or false
rabbits are Herbivores?
True
Define herbivore?
an organism that feeds on plants, these animals are anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material.
True of false
Rabbits are Hind-gut Fermenters?
True
what is a Hind-gut Fermenter?
A digestive process seen in monogastric herbivores, takes place in the large intestine and cecum.
A digestive process seen in monogastric herbivores, takes place in the large intestine and the cecum is called?
Hind-gut Fermenter
define Cellulose?
A substance which is the main constituent of plant cell walls and of vegetable fiber’s insoluble for humans but not herbivores.
A substance which is the main constituent of plant cell walls and of vegetable fibers insoluble for humans but not herbivores is called?
Cellulose
other hind-gut fermenters are?(6)
Rabbit
Horse
Chinchillas
Rhinos
Guinea pigs
Elephants
The cecum comprises __% of a hind-gut fermenter’s total GI capacity
40%
a secondary type of rabbit poop produced my the cecum is?
Cecotropes
True or False
Rabbits are a prey species with a wide field of vision
True
rabbits have __ types of bones?
23 types
where food particles go for further break down of fibers including cellulose
for absorption?
The cecum
The act of eating cecotropes or “soft feces”?
Cecotrophy
Coprophagy means?
The eating of feces
The eating of feces is called?
Coprophagy
cecotrophy typically occurs when?
In the evenings
or early mornings
why cant rabbits vomit?
They lack a gag reflex and, have a thin and weak diaphragm resulting in the lack of strength to vomit
True or False?
rabbits can pass gas
False
80-85% of a rabbits diet should be?
Hay
hypsodont teeth means?
High-crowned teeth with enamel extending past the gum line
diphyodont dentition means?
2 sets of teeth
True or False
a rabbits diphyodont teeth never stop growning?
True
define Malocclusion
Defined as imperfect positioning or meeting of the teeth when the jaws are closed
Rabbits are prone to miss-aligned teeth called?
Malocclusion
a rabbits mouth only opens 20-25 degrees so under sedation a _____ is used to visualize teeth
Otoscope
Female rabbit ovulation (release of the egg)
takes place only when mating occurs and is called?
an Induced ovulator
when gendering a rabbit only a doe has a?
Dewlap
Dewlaps are used for?
Dewlaps essentially just allow for more fluff
Does will pluck from this area primarily when preparing a nest for kindling
4 Benefits of Spaying
Reduces aggressive behaviour
Prevents false or real pregnancies
Prevention of uterine adenocarcinoma
Prevention of pyometra and endometritis
4 Benefits of Neutering
Reduces aggressive behaviour
Prevention of testicular cancers
Reduces urine marking A.K.A spraying behaviours
Decreases urine smell and encourages better litterbox habits
True or False
Rabbits should never be fasted?
TRUE
enamel is?
thin but strong and protective outer covering
Dentin
supports the structure of enamel
_____ is thin but strong and protective outer covering of teeth
Enamel
____ supports the structure of enamel
Dentin
____ is Comprised of connective tissue,
blood vessels, and cells?
pulp
hypsodont teeth means?
High-crowned teeth with enamel extending past the gum line
true or false?
rabbits have hypsodont teeth
TRUE
Monophyodont means?
Having one set of teeth for life
Diphyodont means?
Development of 2 sets of teeth
True or false?
Rabbits have diphyodont dentition?
TRUE Rabbits have diphyodont dentition!
Baby bunnies have __ deciduous (primary) teeth
Baby bunnies have 16 deciduous (primary) teeth
Adult rabbits have __ permanent (secondary) adult teeth
28 permanent (secondary) adult teeth
Rabbits have different types and shapes of
teeth called?
heterodonts
Rabbits have heterodonts, this means?
They have different types and shapes of
teeth
The space between the incisors and premolars is called?
diastema
Does can have __ kits per year?
72 kits
Ferrets are from the family called?
musteidae
The family musteidae icludes what animals?(6)
skunks, weasels, mink, otter, marten and badger
A group of ferrets is called?
a business
Sexual dimorphism is?
condition where the two sexes of the same species exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their sexual organs
condition where the two sexes of the same species
exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their sexual organs
Sexual dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism differences in ferrets may include?
size, weight, colour, markings, and may also include behavioural and cognitive differences
true or false
Ferrets are nocturnal?
TRUE
Sebaceous Glands produce?
musky odor
Real Canadian ferret – Manitoba have what tattooed on their ear?
“H”
Marshall Farms ferrits have _ dots on the ear
2
One dot on a ferrets ear indicates?
two indicate?
-that the ferret has been spayed or neutered.
-2 mean that its anal scent glands have also been surgically removed
Ferrets are prone to what illnesses? (3)
Waardenburg’s Syndrome,
heart disease and cancer
ferret life span?
5-10 years
ferret gestation days?
41-43 days
rabbit gestationis how manny weeks?
4 weeks
rabbit life span?
6-9 years depending on breed and husbandry
true or false
Ferrits are Obligate Carnivores
true
scruffing
A) can kill a ferret
B) scares Ferrets
C) calms ferrets
D) trances ferrets
C) calms ferrets, they will often yawn
Male ferret is called?
Hob
Female ferret is called?
Jill
spayed female ferret is called?
a sprite
neutered male is called?
Gib
vasectomised male ferret is known as?
Hoblet
True or False
Jills are induced ovulators
True
altricial young animals are?
Dependent on parent
Gestation is about __ days
42
True or False?
ferrets are able to catch the human cold
True
What are rodents?
Rodents are gnawing animals that have continuously growing upper and lower
incisors
gnawing animals that have continuously growing upper and lower
incisors are?
Rodents
common house mouse species
Mus musculus
are mouse nocturnal or diurnal?
nocturnal
Whitten Effect is?
When a group of female mice are exposed
to a male, the majority of the females will
enter estrus on the third night
Bruce Effect is?
A pregnant female will terminate the
pregnancy if exposed to a new male
within 48 hours of the original
copulation
When a group of female mice are exposed
to a male, the majority of the females will
enter estrus on the third night this is called the ? effect
Whitten Effect
A pregnant female will terminate the
pregnancy if exposed to a new male
within 48 hours of the original
copulation is called?
Bruce Effect
a group of rats is called?
a Mischief
rat gland that Produces a secretion rich in lipid and porphyrin used to lubricate the eye and also a source of pheromones
-Porphyrins produce a reddish
coloration to the tears and can stain
the face and feet when spread by
grooming
Harderian gland
Male rats are called?
called bucks
Female rats are called are called?
and called___ if pregnant or after
giving birth
does
and
dams
- Young rats are called?
pups
Rats have ?-? pairs of mammary glands
4-6
rat teeth are _______?
hypsodontic
Mice Life span
1-2 years
Rat life span?
3 years
most common tumor in rats?
Benign mammary tumor
Chinchilla family?
Family: Chinchillidae
subspecies
short-tailed chinchilla called?
long-tailed chinchilla, most common type kept as pets called?
Chinchilla Brevicaudata
Chinchilla Langier
chinchillas live in colonies called?
Herds
chinchilla life span?
life span: ~ 10-15 years
* Can live up to 20 years in captivity
Chinchillas prefer hot or cooler temperatures?
prefer cooler temperatures
true or false?
chinchillas are nocturnal?
True.
are Chinchillas herbivores?
Yes, they need 80-85% of their die to be hay.
Male chinchillas are called?
Bucklets
Female chinchillas are called?
Doelets
chinchilla gestation?
110-138 days
young chinchillas are called?
kits
kit chinchillas that are ready to run at birth are called?
precocial
Hamsters gestation is?
16 days
True or false?
Hamsters are a crepuscular?
True
hamsters eat what? This makes them a herbivore, omnivores or carnivore?
hamsters are omnivores and will eat everything if they get hungry enough
Male hamsters have open ____ ____ which means that they can draw their testicles up
into their abdomen
Males have open inguinal canals
hamster gestation is how many days?
Gestation: 16 days
young hamsters are called?
Pups
if a female hamster is disturbed a female may?
Females may cannibalize litter or hide in cheek pouches if disturbed
* Cheek pouches can suffocate offspring
what type of ovulators are hamsters?
Spontaneous ovulators
hamsters have _ - _ pairs of mammary glands
Hamsters have 6-7 pairs of mammary glands
Gerbils belong to the same family as mice and rats called
Muridae
A group of gerbils is called?
A clan
what are the only 2 types of gerbils that can be kept as pets?
the Mongolian
gerbil and the fat-tailed gerbil
Mongolian gerbil life span?
2-5 years
two orders of birds that are kept?
Psittaciformes (parrots) and the Passeriformes (canaries and finches)
true or false
Anatomically and physiologically ALL birds are different
True
Feathers are made of?
keratin
what is keratin?
a fibrous structural protein
parrots are what? with a curved beak?
Psittacines
Passerine is what bird with a pointed beak
songbird
Dimorphic means?
Each sex has different physical characteristics
Monomorphic means?
Each sex appears physically the same.
Baby bird which has not yet left the nest is called?
Hatchling
baby bird which can leave the nest, but not eat on their own yet is called?
Fledgling
4 feather uses?
flight, insulation/thermoregulation, protection and attracting a
mate
wing remiges and tail rectrices are called?
primaries
A triangular plate formed of the fused caudal vertebrae, typically supporting the
tail feathers is called?
Pygostyle
Pygostyle is?
A triangular plate formed of the fused caudal vertebrae, typically supporting the
tail feathers
Large feathers that radiate from the radius and the ulna are called?
Secondaries
Feathers that are over the body, wings and tail are called?
Contour
(Birds)
“vane” is what part of the feather?
flattened part of the feather.
hollow part of the shaft that attached the feather to the follicle is called?
Calamus Shaft
soft barbs used for warmth are called?
Downy barbs
downy lower barbs of a
feather are called?
Afterfeather
branches off the rachis which form
the vane are called?
Barb:
the upper portion of the feather shaft,
barbs are attached to the ____
Rachis
bird Skin is very thin (?-? cell layers thick)
2-4 cell layers thick
the gland that helps water
proof the bird – absent in certain breeds such as Amazon parrots
Bilobed uropygial (preen) gland
true or false?
the ear gland is present in most bird species
False
Ear gland is absent in most species
True or False?
birds have hollow bones?
True
what bird bone is an extension of the sternum and provides attachment for flight muscles
the keel
(bird)
The lack of muscle mass and/or
prominence of the keel bone is
used to evaluate what?
Body Condition Score (BCS)
area at the base of
the upper beak that surrounds the
nostrils is called?
The cere
(bird)
only opening through which
feces, urates and eggs can pass through is?
The cloaca
(bird)
Cloaca is the?
rectum
(bird)
white portion of the excrement, waste
products from protein breakdown during
digestion
Urates
water like portion of the excrement
urine
in order for a bIrd to breathe, they move their chest up and down by relying on muscle movement and pressure changes in the air sacs for air flow, why?
They have no diaphram
Birds diet
?% formulated pellets.
?% fresh fruits and vegetables.
< ?% treats: seed, nut, dried fruit,
bread
90% formulated pellets.
10% fresh fruits and vegetables.
< 1% treats: seed, nut, dried fruit,
bread
Birds natural act of self-grooming called?
Preening
True or false?
New feathers can bleed
True
Average weight of rabbits is
5–8 lbs with females typically larger than males
vegies comprise approximately what % of a rabbit’s diet?
8-10% of their diet
Rabbits can breed again less than __ hours after having a litter
24
rabbit gestation is __ weeks
4
Rabbit temperature is?
Temperature – 38.3-40.0°C
rabbit pulse is?
Pulse – 130-325 bpm
what is AEMV
association of exotic mammal veterinarian
ferret Weight is about?
1.5–4 pounds (0.7–2 kg)
Ferret lifespan?
5 to 10 years
Ferret Gestation days?
41-43 days
Ferret temperature
37.7-39.7 C
Ferret Pulse
180-250 bpm
Ferrets have __ permanent teeth
34 permanent teeth
Mouse Gestation ?-? days
19-21 days
12-36 hours post-mating what can be found on a mouses vagina
a waxy plug can be found on the vagina
Female mice can enter estrus within ? hours of parturition
24h
rats are ___estrous
Polyestrous
rat estrous length in days?
Estrus length 4-5 days
mice life span
1-2 years
Rat lifespan
3 years
Chinchilla dentition?
20 teeth – 4 incisors and 16 molar
Chinchilla gestation days?
Gestation: 110 – 138 days
hamster pulse
280-500 bpm
Hamsters gestation
Gestation: 16 days
Mongolian gerbil life span?
2-5 years
PASSERINES are ____ birds
song
Feather = on both sides from center
Tail feather
Feather with one side larger than the other side?
Flight
fluffed out feather
Semiplum
long rachis with fluff ontop
Filoplume
long rachis with fluff on the bottom
Bristle
small fluffy feather
Downy
The main shaft of the feather
Rachis
rachis have small _____ attached
Barbs
Barbs have what that hook into each other at an angle?
Barbules
True or False?
New feathers can bleed?
True
New feathers can bleed, once the feather is mature the blood supply is sealed off (like human nails)
barbs near the hollow shaft(calamus) are called?
Downy barbs
clear hollow shaft that attaches the feather to the follicle called?
Calamus Shaft
what does the preen gland do?
The preen gland helps water
proof the bird
