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Nutrition Lifespan Flashcards

1
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ At each stage of the Life Cycle nutritional requirements are different based on _______.”

A
  1. Growth
  2. Activity
  3. Physiological Changes
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2
Q

What is defined as Optimal Nutrition?

A

Promotes Healthy Growth and Development as well as reduces risk of Chronic Diseases and Nutritional Deficiencies.

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3
Q

When does the energy requirements increase during Pregnancy?

A

Energy needs increase only during the 2nd & 3rd trimester by 10-15% (~300kcal/d)

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4
Q

What are the type of increasing requirements needed for Pregnancy during Trimester 1-3?

A

Energy (protein, CHO, fats)
Vitamins
Minerals
Trace elements

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5
Q

What is the importance of protein during pregnancy?

A

Adequate protein intake is needed to ensure brain & organ development

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6
Q

What is the protein requirements for Pregnant females?

A

Requirements ~ 60-75g/d (~15% of energy intake)

  • Maternal requirements increase by 20% (10g/d above a non-pregnant female)
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7
Q

True or False? Fetus & newborn have limited capacity to synthesize omega 4 & 8.

A

FALSE!! Fetus & newborn have limited capacity to synthesize omega 3 & 6

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8
Q

What is the purpose of Omega 3 & 6 in foetal development?

A
  • Membrane synthesis
  • Brain growth & development
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9
Q

What is the value of Fat that should be consumed for Pregnant women?

A

Pregnant women should consume
- 200mg/d DHA, or
- > 500mg/d of DHA + EPA

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10
Q

What are examples of Oily fish?

A

Salmon
Trout
Mackerel
Sardines
Fresh tuna

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11
Q

What are examples of Fat soluble vitamins?

A

Vitamins
A
D
E
K

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12
Q

Fill in the blanks. “ An example of a water soluble vitamin is Vitamin ______.”

A

B9 ( Folate)

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13
Q

What is the normal Folate requirements in Pregnant women?

A
  • 400ug/d supplementation + well-balanced diet (1mo prior to and during first 3mo of pregnancy)
  • 5mg/d in women with h/o of previous child with neural tube defect e.g. spina bifida or with h/o diabetes
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14
Q

What are the clinical findings of a newborn with iodine deficiency?

A

Birth defects
Slow mental development (cretinism)
Enlarged thyroid gland, Fetal death

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15
Q

What is the amount of calcium required for Pregnant women?

A

1000mg/d (1300mg/d for women <19y)

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16
Q

What is the amount of iron required for Pregnant women?

17
Q

What is considered a plastic period for catch-up growth?

A

The first 2 years of life

18
Q

True or False? The basic metabolic rate of infants is TWICE that of adults.

19
Q

What is the Caloric requirements for babies up to 2 years old?

A

108 – 98 kcal/kg/d

20
Q

What is the protein requirements for babies up to 2 years old?

A

2 – 1.6 g/kg/d

21
Q

When should Exclusive breast feeding occur?

A

Within the first six months of life

22
Q

What is the normal protein requirement for the pre- school child ( ages 1-4 ) ?

23
Q

What is the normal energy requirement for the pre- school child ( ages 1-4 ) ?

A

90-100 kcal/kg/g

24
Q

What are the characteristics of the pre- school child?

A
  • Decrease in appetite
  • Striving for independence
  • Food Neophobia
  • Wary of trying new foods
  • Dislike for vegetables: Vitamin A intake suboptimal
  • Picky Eaters
  • Do not want to chew/consume meat: Iron
25
Q

What is the ideal eating environment for the Pre-school child?

A
  1. Distraction free – turn off TV
  2. Serve meals at consistent times
  3. Seat at table / discourage eating while walking or playing.
  4. Always supervise
26
Q

What are the characteristics of the type of food that should be given to the Pre- School child ( age 1-4) ?

A
  • Attractive
  • Mix of favorite foods along with previously disliked foods.
  • Small portions
  • Limit juices, drinks, soda, milk between feedings
  • Low nutrient foods (candy, cookies, cake, bag snacks, sodas, fruit drinks) can be given occasionally but should not replace a meal)
27
Q

What is the recommended meal intake for the Pre-School child?

A

3 meals each day with 1 - 3 planned nutritious snacks

28
Q

What is the energy amount for the school age child (5- 11 years ) ?

A

Energy 90-70 kcal/kg/d

29
Q

What is the protein amount for the school age child (5- 11 years ) ?

A

Protein 1 g/kg/d

30
Q

What are the goals of nutrition management?

A
  • Support optimal growth & development.
  • Encourage fitness
  • Ensure adequate nutrient stores for growth demands.
  • Establish healthful eating habits that will lower risk of chronic disease.
31
Q

Which period of life is known as being nutritionionally vulnerable?

A

Adolescence

32
Q

Which nutrients are required more for adolescent boys?

A

Protein
Iron
Zinc
Calcium

Human Nutrition (13 decks)

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