Balance and Compartments

Question 1

What is energy homeostasis?

Answer 1

It relates to the complementary role of food intake and expenditure in maintenance and defence of ‘balance’ and body composition.

Question 2

What is the energy metabolism of a person?

Answer 2

The energy metabolism is defined as the sum of all chemical reactions in which energy is made available and consumed in or expended by the body.

Question 3

What are the different levels of body compositions?

Answer 3

1. Whole body
2. Tissue systems ( skeletal muscles, adipose, bone, blood, organs)
3. Cellular ( Cell mass, Extracellular fluid)
4. Molecular ( water, protein , fat , mineral )
5. Atomic ( Carbon, oxygen , hydrogen , other)

Question 4

Fill in the blanks. “ When we consider whole body measurements in nutrition , the tissue systems are measured to assess ________, ________ & _________ & _________.”

Answer 4

Lean
Fat
Bone mass & composition

Question 5

What is the normal body range of fat in women ( percentage)?

Answer 5

20-25%

Question 6

What is the normal body range of fat in men ( Percentage) ?

Answer 6

12-15%

Question 7

What are the different influences on body composition?

Answer 7

Aging
Nutrition
Activity
Hormones
Diseases

Question 8

What are the four main components of total energy expenditure?

Answer 8

• Basic Metabolic Rate
• Post Prandial Thermogenesis
• Activity
• Growth

Question 9

What are the key determinants affecting the Basic Metabolic Rate?

Answer 9

Fat- free mass
Fat mass
Sex
Age
Genetic Traits

Question 10

What are the Key determinant affecting
Post Prandial Thermogenesis ( Thermic effect on food)

Answer 10

1. Diet Composition
2. Age
3. Physical activity
4. Obesity
5. Insulin resistance

Question 11

What are the key determinants affecting Activity / Energy expenditure ?

Answer 11

Genetic traits
Age
Sex
Environmental Stimuli

Question 12

When should the Basic Metabolic Rate be measured?

Answer 12

In the post prandial and post absorptive state .
Best time 0 after a 12 hour fast when the individual has just awakened.

Question 13

When should the resting metabolic rate be taken?

Answer 13

This measurement is often done in the morning, a few hours AFTER WALKING (e.g. at a lab) but they remain awake and in a rested state.

Question 14

What is a common method used to measure the Resting Metabolic rate?

Answer 14

A common method for measuring this is by indirect calorimetry using a ventilated hood as shown in the picture.

Question 15

What is the BMR for males 18-30 & 30-60n years years?

Answer 15

18- 30 years - 15.3 W + 679

30-60 years - 11.6 w + 879

Question 16

What is the BMR for women between the ages of 18- 30 years and 30-60 years?

Answer 16

18- 30 years - 14.7 W + 469

30-60 years - 8.7 W + 829

Question 17

What is the Post Prandial Thermogenesis or Thermic effect of food?

Answer 17

This is the energy that is also needed to ingest and digest food and for the absorption and transport of nutrients

Question 18

True or False? Post prandial thermogenesis is higher after meals high in protein or alchohol than after meals high in fat.

Answer 18

TRUE!!