nutrition in plants Flashcards
define the term photosynthesis
the process by which plants produce carbohydrates from raw materials using energy form light
what is the word equation for photosynthesis
water + carbon dioxide —– oxygen + glucose
true or false?
photosynthesis can only occur in the presence of light and chlorophyll
True.
Both light and chlorophyll are required for photosynthesis to occur.
what are the raw materials for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide and water
What is the waste product of photosynthesis?
oxygen
What is the product of photosynthesis that is useful for the plant?
glucose
What is chlorophyll?
a green pigment that is found in chloroplasts
it transfers energy from light into energy chemicals for the production of carbohydrates
How do plants use the carbohydrates made in photosynthesis?
starch, which is used an energy store
cellulose for building cell walls
glucose, which can be used in respiration to provide energy
sucrose for transport in the phloem
nectar to attract insects for pollination
What is the function of cellulose in plant cells?
provides structural support to plant cell walls
allows them to maintain a regular shape.
Which process requires glucose for the release of energy?
Glucose is used in respiration to release energy for cells.
Name two essential mineral ions required by plants.
magnesium ions - for the production of chlorophyll which is essential for light absorption in photosynthesis
nitrates - to maintain the shape
Give the variables that should be kept the same when testing the requirement for carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
light intensity / whether or not the leaf was exposed to light
the presence of chlorophyll
the temperature of the room
What is the independent variable when testing the requirement for chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
whether the area of leaf tested is green or white (i.e. whether or not the leaf contains chlorophyll).
In an investigation into the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis, what is the predicted outcome?
rate of photosynthesis will increase with increasing carbon dioxide concentration.
Why do plants need to absorb oxygen from the atmosphere?
to carry out aerobic respiration.
Why is hydrogencarbonate indicator useful for investigating gas exchange in an aquatic plant?
because it shows the presence of carbon dioxide in solution.
What colour will hydrogencarbonate indicator turn at high carbon dioxide concentrations?
yellow/orange
What is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
How does gas exchange occur in plants?
occurs via the stomata. Carbon dioxide diffuses into leaves while oxygen diffuses out.
How is the palisade mesophyll layer adapted to maximise photosynthesis?
The palisade mesophyll layer contains tall, thin cells that pack together closely. These cells contain many chloroplasts to maximise light absorption.
What is the role of guard cells in leaves?
Guard cells can change shape to open or close the stomata. This allows plants to control the rate of water loss from leaves.
where are the xylem and phloem found
in the vascular bundle of a leaf
