nutrition in humans Flashcards
What disease causes bowing of the legs due to vitamin D deficiency?
The disease that can arise from vitamin D deficiency which causes bowing of the legs is rickets
Why are proteins needed in the body?
for growth and repair
What is the function of lipids in the body?
Lipids, e.g. fats and oils, act as an energy store
protect vital organs
and help reduce heat loss.
Why is dietary fibre an important component of a balanced diet?
Dietary fibre provides bulk in the intestines, aiding the movement of solid waste and preventing constipation.
Name two foods that are sources of carbohydrate
Pasta
Rice
Potatoes
Cereals
Bread
Why is iron important in the diet?
Iron is essential for production of haemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood.
Why is vitamin D needed in the body?
Vitamin D aids absorption of calcium, so is essential for strong bones and teeth. Deficiency in vitamin D can lead to rickets.
What is scurvy?
Scurvy is caused by a lack of vitamin C and leads to anaemia, exhaustion, bleeding, pain in the limbs, swelling, tooth loss.
What is the function of the digestive system?
to break down large, insoluble food molecules into small, soluble molecules that can be absorbed.
Name the organs of the digestive system through which food passes during digestion.
Mouth
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestine (duodenum and ileum)
Large intestine
Rectum
(the food doesn’t directly pass through the pancreas)
What is the role of saliva in digestion?
Saliva contains amylase enzymes that begin the chemical breakdown of starch into sugars. Saliva also moistens food to aid in swallowing.
What is the role of the oesophagus in digestion?
The oesophagus is the tube through which food passes between the mouth and the stomach.
What is the role of the large intestine in digestion?
allows absorption of water from solid waste before it is egested
the remaining solid waste makes up the faeces.
Name organs of the digestive system that release enzymes.
Salivary glands
Stomach
Small intestine
Pancreas
Which organ is bile released from?
the liver
How does physical digestion aid chemical digestion?
Physical digestion increases the surface area of food for the action of enzymes in chemical digestion.
Give an example of physical digestion in the human digestive system.
Physical digestion includes chewing food in the mouth
churning food in the stomach
emulsification of fats in the intestine.
Define physical digestion.
the breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecule.
Define the term organ.
a collection of tissues working together to perform one function.
What is the function of the stomach?
To mechanically digest food through the churning of food
To produce the enzyme - protease
To produce hydrochloric acid - (stomach acid)
What is the role of mucus-producing cells in the stomach?
o protect the stomach lining from hydrochloric acid (stomach acid).
what are the organs of the digestive system?
Mouth/tongue/salivary glands
Oesophagus
stomach
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus
What are the two main roles of bile?
neutralising stomach acid and emulsifying fats.
what organ stores bile before it is released?
the galbladder stores it before its released into the small intestine
