Nutrition in Infancy and childhood Flashcards
Nutritional Requirements are influenced by
-Growth
-Organs: functional capactiy differs from adults
-Metabolic activities (the ratio of surface area to weight or height decreases with age)
General pattern with infant vs adult daily energy and protein RDI
Infant: 2000 KJ energy (but is more energy AND protein needed per kg)
Adult: 11000KJ
What would Improving breastfeeding rates in Aotearoa New Zealand will directly contribute to:
- Achieving equitable health outcomes for maori
- improving overall population health outcomes
- improving maternal and child mental wellbeing
- reducing health costs through prevention of illness
- sustainability and waste reduction
Why does the rate of babies being breastfed drop so dramatically over time?
·going back to work -need money
other dependents, no one else can feed baby
painful-mastitis
lots of societal reasons that make ideal difficult to achieve
Human vs cow milk composition
– Immunological compounds e.g.: sIgA, Lactoferrin etc.
– LCPUFA
– Hormones and growth factors
– Human Milk OligoSaccharides: HMOS
– Beneficial bacteria
human milk is really highin fat that fat has long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in it which are really important for brain& immune system development , cow’s milk h a s
small amounts of LCPUFA
also breast milk is high in lactose that is high in human
milk oligosaccharides which are fermented by bacteria & help promote healthy bacteria a microbiome in the large bowel
Also human milk has hormones and growth factors - biological fluid whereas formula doesnt have this
Why cant you give a baby cows milk?
babies Kidneys are immature so they cant concentrate urine like adults can so they need fluid that is very low in solute.
So cows milk would kill them because the sodium and protein load is so high the baby cant excrete it.
Why do we need to eat solid food ?
Nutrient requirements - Iron (hard to get from breastmilk or formula)
- Physical Devlopment
- Oral motor development -> really interelated with speech
- Gastrointestinal maturation
- Social development
- Antigen exposure
Iron Dynamics birth to one year
full term babies get most of their iron from mother via
Placenta in last trimester so have good iron store at birth
↳ premature babies don’t get
full iron transfer from mother so their iron stores are lower at birth
↳ as the baby grows their blood volume↑ so they need more RBCs so more iron is required
↳ becomes crucial 4–6mo babies start needing extra iron so need iron-rich solids
Nutrition Related Health Issues for children in NZ
- Unhealthy weight (1 in 8 children - obese)
- Poverty
- Poor dental health makes it difficult to eat healthy food
- Nutrient deficiencies
Obesity in kids causes risks for
- High Cholesterol
- Type 2 Diabetes/
Impaired Glucose Tolerance - High Blood Pressure
- Poor Self-Esteem
- Sleep Disturbances
- Orthopedic Problems
