Carbohydrates Flashcards
Why do we need
-carbs
-proteins
-fats
and where to find each of them
-carbs
Main source of fuel by the body for energy
- Grains, yoghurts, milk and fruits
-proteins
Essential for growth, tissue repair, immune function and producing hormones and enzymes
- Legumes, nuts, meat, fish, cheese, milk
-fats
Essential for cell, nerve tissue and hormones production and for absorbing fat soluable vitamines
- Unsat: olive oil, avo, nuts, fatty fish
- Sat: fatty meats, butter, pasteries, coconut cream
What are the types of carbohydrates
- Complex - starches (potatoes, bread, rice), dietary fibre (insolubale eg bran and soluable lentils, beans, oatmeal)
- Simple - Sugars (dissac: sucrose,lactose, maltose and MONOsacc: glucose, fructose, galactose)
end fate of both is glucose
What do all Disaccharides have
-what makes up sucrose, lactose and maltose
All have glucose backbone
Sucrose: Glucose + fructose
Lactose: glucose and galactose
Maltose: Glucose and glucose
Storage of carbohydrates
Stored as glucose units
-glycogen
Describe the process of starch and dietary fibre digestion
Lecture Slide
STARCH
1. Chemical digestion and chewing/crushing. Mouth and salviary glands secrete salvia into mouth to moisten the food. Amylase in salvia hydroylses starch to small polysacchardies maltose.
- Stomach acid inactivates salviary enzyme amylase, halting starch digestion. Acidic env - of stomach stops amylase as not optimal PH so digestion is mechanical chruning into watery solution
- Small intestine and pancreas. Before anything, pancreas secretes bicarb into duodenum to neutralise the stomach acid coming in. Pancreas produces an amylase that is released through the pancreatic duct into the small intestine. Converts starch into small polysacchardies, maltose
Then disac enzyme on the surface of intestinal cells hydrolyse the disac into monosac
Intestinal cells abs these monosac
Maltose uses maltase to create glucose
Lactose uses lactase to create glactose and glucose
surcose uses sucrase to create fructose and glucose
Absorption diagram at the small intestine lumen
Lecture Slide
How do monosacc end up being stored as glycogen in liver
- Monosacc, the end products of carb digestion, enter the capilliaries of the intestinal villi
- They travel to the liver via the portal vein
- In the liver, galactose and fructose are converted to glucose and stored as glycogen in the liver.
Glucose Homeostasis
-draw diagram
Lecture Slide
Benefits of solubale and insoluable carbs
Soluable
- Prolongs stomach emptying time
- Reg blood sugar
- Binds with fatty acids
-lowers total cholestrol and LDL
-fermented by bacteria
Insoluable:
Soften stool
Increases bulk
Increases transit time
