nutrition in humans

Question 1

nutrition

Answer 1

where organisms obtain food and energy for growth, repair and maintenance of the body

Question 2

ingestion

Answer 2

food is taken into the body

Question 3

digestion

Answer 3

large food molecules are broken down into small, soluble food molecules that can be absorbed into the body

Question 4

absorption

Answer 4

nutrients are moved from the intestines to the bloodstream

Question 5

assimilation

Answer 5

nutrients are used by cells for maintenance of the body for providing energy and making new cytoplasm for growth

Question 6

egestion

Answer 6

undigested matters are removed from the body

Question 7

teeth

Answer 7

breaks down large pieces of food into smaller pieces as chewing increases surface area so enzymes can act on the food more efficiently

Question 8

salivary glands

Answer 8

secretes saliva into the mouth

Question 9

tongue

Answer 9

helps mixing food with saliva and moving the food to the back of the mouth during swallowing

Question 10

oesophagus

Answer 10

muscles contract and relax to move food along the tube

Question 11

stomach

Answer 11

gastric glands secrete gastric juices which contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin which has a pH of 2 making the stomach an acidic environment optimal for protease to digest proteins

Question 12

small intestine

Answer 12

absorbs water and nutrients from the food we eat. the lining of the small intestine contains glands that secrete digestive enzymes such as maltase, lipase and intestinal protease.
finger-like projections called villi which increases rate of absorption of digested food particles, mineral salts and most of the water into the bloodstream

Question 13

large intestine

Answer 13

plays a role of egestion (undigested matter is removed from the body). the large intestine absorbs around 90% of remaining water and mineral salts from undigested food materials until it reaches the rectum which temporarily stores faeces. when it contracts, it expels through the anus

Question 14

liver

Answer 14

produce and secrete bile which is then stored in the gall bladder containing bile salts. bile doesn’t contain any enzymes disabling it to chemically digest food but is able to aid in physical digestion of fats

Question 15

hepatic portal vein

Answer 15

carries blood containing absorbed nutrients from small intestine to the liver

Question 16

hepatic vein

Answer 16

carries deoxygenated blood away from the liver

Question 17

hepatic artery

Answer 17

carries oxygenated blood to the liver

Question 18

gall bladder

Answer 18

temporarily stores bile then contracting to release bile in the small intestine through the bile duct to aid in digestion of fat

Question 19

pancreas

Answer 19

produces pancreatic juice which contains protease, lipase and amylase. it also secretes hormones like glucagon and insulin to control blood sugar concentration in the body