kinetic energy

Question 1

solids

Answer 1

very closely packed in an orderly manner
vibrate and rotate in fixed positions
very strong forces of attraction
very low kinetic energy

Question 1

liquids

Answer 1

closely packed in a disorderly manner
slide past each other freely throughout the liquid
less strong forces of attraction
low kinetic energy

Question 2

gases

Answer 2

very far apart in a disorderly manner
move quickly and randomly in any direction
very weak forces of attraction
high kinetic energy

Question 3

cooling curve (freezing)

Answer 3

P-Q
kinetic energy of the particles is converted into thermal energy, transferred to its surroundings. less kinetic energy, energy of particles slow down and isocane reduces to 37 degree celcius

Q-R
particles will lose energy to its surroundings and temperature is at freezing point. particles with less energy are drawn closer together by the forces of attraction between them
particle arrangement becomes more orderly and solid and liquid are present in the freezing process

R-S
after all liquid freezes in point R, kinetic energy of the particles is converted into thermal energy again and transferred to surroundings. particles can rotate and vibrate at fixed positions. temperature of solids reduce below 37 degree celcius

Question 3

heating curve (boiling)

Answer 3

J-K
thermal energy is converted into kinetic energy. particles will slide to one another with increasing speed. temperature of liquid rises towards 343 degree celcius

K-L
thermal energy is absorbed to its surroundings and temperature is at boiling point. particles with increased energy can overcome forces of attraction in the liquid state. particles move apart quickly and randomly. liquid and gas are present in the boiling process and temperature remains consistent during the boiling until all isocane is boiled

L-M
after all liquid has boiled off at point L, thermal energy is converted into kinetic energy of the particles again. particles can move freely and randomly in any direction and temperature rises beyond 343 degree celcius

Question 3

heating curve (melting)

Answer 3

A-B
thermal energy is converted into kinetic energy, particles vibrate and rotate faster in their fixed positions, isocane temperature reaches 37 degree celcius

B-C
thermal energy absorbed from its surroundings and temperature of its solids is at melting point. particles with increased energy overcome the forces of attraction in the solid state. orderly packing arrangement of particles is disrupted. solid and liquid are present in the melting process and temperature remains consistent until all isocane melts

C-D
after all isocane has melted at point C, thermal energy is converted into kinetic energy again. particles can move freely throughout the liquid and temperature of isocane rises beyond 37 degree celcius

Question 4

freezing curve (condensation)

Answer 4

W-X
kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy, transferred to its surroundings
with less kinetic energy, particles slow down and temperature of the gas reduces to 343 degree celcius

X-Y
particles lose energy to its surroundings and temperature is at condensation point
particles with less energy are drawn together by the forces of attraction between them. gas and liquid are present during the condensation progress and temperature remains constant until isocane has condensed

Y-Z
gas has condensed at point Y, kinetic energy of the particles is converted into thermal energy again, particles can slide freely throughout the liquid and temperature reduces below 343 degree celcius