cell structure and organisation

Question 1

protoplasm

Answer 1

jelly-like substance where many chemical activities allow the cell to grow and survive

Question 2

cell membrane

Answer 2

partially permeable membrane allowing some substances to enter the cell. it controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 3

cell wall

Answer 3

gives cell its fixed shape and prevents injury

Question 4

nucleus/chromosomes

Answer 4

controls cell activity and contains genetic information (dna)

Question 5

nucleus membrane

Answer 5

separates contents of the nucleus from the rest of the cytoplasm

Question 6

vacuole

Answer 6

contains cell sap

Question 7

ribosomes

Answer 7

to synthesise proteins

Question 8

mitochondrion

Answer 8

break down of glucose in the presence of oxygen to release energy for cel activities

Question 9

chloroplast

Answer 9

contains chlorophyll (green pigment) for photosynthesis

Question 10

3 differences between animal and plant cell

Answer 10

plant cell cell wall and chloroplast are present whereas animal cell they are absent and that vacuole in animal cell is small and many and vacuole in plant cell is centre and large

Question 11

red blood cell

Answer 11

• circular, biconcave shape to increase surface area-to-volume ratio diffusing oxygen at a higher rate
• contains haemoglobin (red pigment) binding oxygen to transport around the body
• flexible and can squeeze through capillaries
• lacks nucleus enabling carrying more haemoglobin for transportation of oxygen

Question 12

muscle cell

Answer 12

• elongated and cylindrical in shape containing many nuclei and mitochondria
• has mitochondria to provide energy for contraction of muscle cell

Question 13

root hair cell

Answer 13

• long and narrow root hair to increase surface area-to-volume ratio to absorb mineral salts and water at a higher rate