Nutrition in Animals Flashcards
What is the function and food source of carbs, lipids, proteins?
carbs - bread, potatoes, rice, fuel for respiration
proteins - meat, eggs, growth and repair of cells and tissues (fuel for respiration)
lipids - butter, avocados, store of energy, insulation, fuel for respiration
How do energy requirements differ with age, activity and pregnancy?
builders will need more than office workers, teens need more for growing and pregnancy will need more for 2
How is energy measured and how can you?
kilojoules (kJ) , burning and seeing how much heat energy is released
What is the function, food source and deficiency disease?
iron- forms part of haemoglobin which binds to oxygen, red meat, liver, spinach, anaemia (fatigue, lower eyelid pink)
calcium - needed to form bones, teeth, milk/dairy, rickets (bendy bones)
What is the use, effect of deficiency and food source of vitamins A, C, D?
A - making a chemical in retina, protects surface of eye, night blindness/damaged cornea, fish liver oil, butter
C - needed for cells/tissues to stick together, scurvy, fresh fruit (orange)
D - absorb calcium and phosphate ions from food, rickets, dairy
Describe water as a component of diet
essential solvent (allow things to be dissolved into), transport components of blood and is crucial for temp regulation
Describe fibre as a component of diet
plant material you can’t digest, chemical cellulose, helps movement of food through intestine, fruits/vegetables/grains
What is the alimentary canal? (and what the small/large intestine is)
all humans and mammals have one, food is ingested, digested, egested and absorbed for the purpose that food can be assimilated. small is duodenum, ilieum, large is anus, colon
What is ingestion, digestion and egestion?
ingestion is taking food in through the mouth and swallowing
digestion is breaking down food into smaller pieces and smaller molecules (chemical/physical)
egestion is passing out undigested food through the anus
What is absorption and assimilation?
absorption is taking small food molecules out of the gut and into the blood
assimilation is using molecules gained from food to build new molecules, tissues,cells
What is mechanical digestion?
breaking up food into smaller pieces with teeth (mastication), which means the enzymes have a greater SA
What is chemical digestion?
saliva contains analyse which breaks down carbs
starch —amylase– maltose
Describe swallowing
tongue shapes food into ball (bolus) and is blocked by epiglottis from entering trachea
What is the oesophagus?
long pipe that connects mouth to stomach and food is pushed by peristalsis (circular contract, longitudinal relax and then do the opposite)
Describe the stomach
walls constantly churn making sure all products inside are covered by enzymes. chemical digestion happens because pepsin(incredibly acidic) is released by gastric glands (protein - pepsin - polypeptide)
