Nutrition II Flashcards
vitamin B12
cobalamin
cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase and methylmalonyl CoA mutase
deficiency B12
macrocytic megaloblastic anemia
hypersegmented PMNs
paresthesias
degeneration dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal tracts, spinocerebellar tracts - abnormal myelin
increased serum homocysteine and methylmalonic acid levels
prolonged - irreversible
intrinsic factor
for absorption of B12 - terminal ileum
diagnosis of pernicious anemia
anti-IF Abs
vitamin C
ascorbic acid
antioxidant
facilitate iron absorption - reduces Fe2+ state
also - hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis
and dopamine beta-hydroxylase - convert dopamine > NE
tx methemoglobinemia
vit C
reduce Fe3 to Fe2
deficiency vit C
scurvy
-swollen gum, bruising, petechiae, hemarthrosis, anemia, poor wound healing, corkscrew hair
collagen synthesis defect - no hydroxylation proline and lysine
vit D2
ergocalciferol
-in plants
vit D3
cholecalciferol
-in milk
storage form vit D
25 OH D3
active form vit D
calcitriol
1,25 OH D3
function vit D
increased absorption Ca and P intestine
increased bone mineralization
vit D deficiency
rickets - children
osteomalacia - adults
rickets
vit D deficient children
osteomalacia
vit D deficient adult
breastfed infant
should get vit D supps
excess vit D
with granulomatous disease
-vit D activated by epithelioid macros
hyperCa, hyperCa-uria, loss of appetite, stupor
vitamin E
tocopherol
tocotrienol
antioxidant - protect RBC and membranes -from free rad damage
tocopherol
vit E
tocorienol
vit E
vit E deficiency
hemolytic anemia
acanthocytosis
muscle weakness
posterior column and spinocerebellar tract demyelination
phytomenadione
vit K
phylloquinone
vit K
phtonadione
vit K
vitamin K
cofactor gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues
-on colotting factors
synthesized by intestinal flora
vit K factors
2, 7, 9, 10, protein C, protein S
warfarin
vit K antagonist
vit K deficiency
neonatal hemorrhage
increased PT and PTT
normal bleeding time
neonate - sterile intestine - cannot synthesize vit K
injection at birth - prevent hemorrhagic disease of newborn
zinc
mineral - essential for activity of 100+ enzymes
formation of zinc fingers - transcription factor motif
deficiency zinc
delayed wound healing hypogonadism decreased hair dysgeusia anosmia acrodermatitis enteropathica - scaly plaque inguinal area
predispose alcoholic cirrhosis
protein malnutrition
kwashiorkor
kwashiorkor
protein malnutrition
skin lesion, edema, liver malfunciton - fatty change (decreased apolipoprotein synthesis)
small child - swollen abdomen
marasmus
total calorie malnutrition
tissue and muscle wasting - loss subQ fat - variable edema
fomepizole
inhibit alcohol DH
antidote methanol and ethylene glycol OD
disulfiram
inhibit aldehyde DH
anabuse - acetaldehyde accumulate
alcohol DH kinetics
zero order
ethanol metabolism and NADH
increased NADH : NAD+ ratio
lactic acidosis
fasting hypoglycemia
hepatosteatosis
clinical picture of chronic alcoholic
