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Animal Nutrition And Therepy > Nutrition If Dogs And Cata > Flashcards

Nutrition If Dogs And Cata Flashcards

0
Q

What is energy required for?

A

To preform all metabolic work in the body

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1
Q

What are the areas if focus in nutrition?

A

Proper nutrition for maintenance or different life stages, therapeutic diets, and homemade dishes

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2
Q

What is the metabolic work in the body?

A

Maintenance, dehydration, synthesis, elimination

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3
Q

What increases the energy requirements?

A

Growth reproduction or work

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4
Q

What are kilocalories?

A

Units of energy

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5
Q

What are nutrients?

A

Components in a diet that. Have specific functions within a body

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6
Q

What do nutrients contribute to?

A

Growth, tissue maintenance, and health

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7
Q

What are the energy producing nutrients?

A

Carbohydrates, protiens, fats

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8
Q

What are non energy producing nutrients?

A

Water vitamins and minerals

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9
Q

What are carbs?

A

Starches and sugars, essential and efficiently used source of energy

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10
Q

Can cats maintain a regular blood glucose level when fed a carb free diet?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What are cereal grains?

A

Wheat corn and barely

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12
Q

Why should you cool cereal grains?

A

Because cooking ruptures the cellulose covering to expose starch granule

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13
Q

What do enzymes do to the starch granules?

A

Turn them to simple sugars

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14
Q

Where are limited amounts of carbs stored?

A

Glycogen in liver

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15
Q

What are excess carbs converted to?

A

Fat

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16
Q

What are non digestible carbs?

A

Fiber

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17
Q

What is necessary for normal functioning if the GI tract?

A

Fiber

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18
Q

What does insoluble fiber do?

A

Increases bull of the diet, contributes to satiety, and maintains normal intestinal transit time and motility

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19
Q

What do soluble fibers do?

A

Delay gastric emptying and helps create some essential fatty acids

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20
Q

What are some common sources of fiber?

A

Rice, beans, beef pulp, and soybean or peanut hulls

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21
Q

What are protiens?

A

Amino acids, nitrogen, and small amounts of sulfur

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22
Q

What are animal sourced if protien?

A

Meat, eggs, milk, liver

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23
Q

What are plant sources of protiens?

A

Soybeans, peanuts, corn, wheat

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24
Q

Why are animal sources better?

A

Have higher biological value (usefulness to the body)

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25
Q

How many amino acids are found in protien?

A

22

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26
Q

How many amino acids can be made by dogs and cats?

A

12

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27
Q

What are essential amino acids?

A

10 amino acids that dogs and cats cannot make

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28
Q

Can cats synthesize taurine?

A

No

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29
Q

What amino acid can be found as a free amino acid in tissues?

A

Taurine

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30
Q

What is feline central retinal degeneration?

A

Photoreceptors become disrupted and dysfunctional. Causes irreversible blindness

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31
Q

What is dialated cardiomyopathy?

A

Degenerative. Decreased myocardial contractility. Cardiac failure. Can be reversible if caught early

32
Q

What are protiens required for?

A

Amino acid supply for protien synthesis, supply nitrogen for synthesis of non essential amino acids, enzymes and hormones, transportation molecules in the blood stream, immune system, and musculoskeletal system

33
Q

Why are cat livers special?

A

Cannot change and adapt to differing levels of protien and cannot conserve nitrogen, must metabolize protien at higher rates than other species

34
Q

What is Arginine needed for?

A

For normal protien synthesis in liver. Converts ammonia to urea for excretion

35
Q

What do deficiencies in Arginine cause?

A

Hyper ammonemia within several hours which will cause embed is, muscular spasms, ataxia, hyperesthesua, clam and death

36
Q

What is hyperesthesia?

A

Extremely sensitive to touch

37
Q

What is fat broken down into?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

38
Q

What are three essential fatty acids?

A

Linoleic, lindenic, arachidonic

39
Q

Which essential fatty acid can cats not synthesize very well?

A

Arachidonic

40
Q

What can cause bleeding disorders, reproductive problems, poor coat, impaired wound healing, skin liesions, and growth tissues?

A

Deficiencies in arachnid ionic fatty acids

41
Q

What is the minimum percent of fat in commercial cat foods?

A

9%

42
Q

What is the minimum percent of Linoleic and arachadonic acid in commercial at foods?

A

0.5 and 0.02

43
Q

What does fat do?

A

Aids in digestion of protien, adds palatability

44
Q

What can excess fat cause?

A

Steatorrhea and diarrhea, weight gain and obeisity

45
Q

What can a low fat diet lead to?

A

Dry brittle hair coat, skin and hair loss

46
Q

What is the most important nutrient?

A

Water

47
Q

Hat are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

ADEK

48
Q

Why do animals need a constant source of water?

A

To replace losses that occur through urine, feces, and respiration a

49
Q

What vitamins are water soluble?

A

B complex and C

50
Q

What are vitamins needed for?

A

Homeostasis, cell integrity, metabolic reactions

51
Q

Do dogs and cats make their own vitamins?

A

Yes

52
Q

What are minerals?

A

Electrolytes, cations, anions

53
Q

What are four macro minerals?

A

Ca, p, mg, s

54
Q

What are three electrolytes?

A

NA, k, cl

55
Q

What are six micro minerals?

A

Zn, mn, Se, cu, Fe something else

56
Q

What are trace minerals used for?

A

Production if enzymes, bone, and structural integrity, muscle contraction, nerve impulse conduction

57
Q

What is the first requirement of a diet?

A

Energy

58
Q

What is metabolizable energy?

A

Caloric value if pet foods and dog or cat caloric requirements

59
Q

What is gross energy?

A

Foods total energy

60
Q

What is digestible energy?

A

Energy animal is capable of digesting and absorbing from a food

61
Q

What is fecal energy?

A

In absorbed. Energy of the food

62
Q

What is the formula to determine digestible energy?

A

Gross energy - fecal energy = digestible energy

63
Q

What is the formula for metabolizable energy?

A

Gross energy-fecal energy-use

64
Q

What is the average ME value of protien?

A

3.5 kcal me/g

65
Q

What is the average me value of carbs?

A

3.5 kcal me/g

66
Q

What is the average me value of fats?

A

8.5 kcal me/g

67
Q

As a foods energy density increases what happens?

A

The total volume of food needing to be consumed decreases

68
Q

What is caloric distribution?

A

Proportions of protien, carbs, and fats that make up total me.

69
Q

What is the resting metabolic rate?

A

Amount of energy required to preform body maintenance and metabolism a day

70
Q

What is the formula for the resting metabolic rate?

A

30cal x kg body weight + 70 calories

71
Q

What is the formula for daily energy requirements?

A

K x kg body weight ^0.67

72
Q

What is the k value for an inactive dog?

A

99

73
Q

What is the k value for. A normally active dog?

A

132

74
Q

What is the k value for a very active dog?

A

160

75
Q

What is the daily requirements for a inactive cat?

A

60

76
Q

What is the k value for a moderately active cat?

A

70

77
Q

What is the k value for a highly active cat?

A

80

Animal Nutrition And Therepy (4 decks)

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