Nutrition If Dogs And Cata Flashcards
What is energy required for?
To preform all metabolic work in the body
What are the areas if focus in nutrition?
Proper nutrition for maintenance or different life stages, therapeutic diets, and homemade dishes
What is the metabolic work in the body?
Maintenance, dehydration, synthesis, elimination
What increases the energy requirements?
Growth reproduction or work
What are kilocalories?
Units of energy
What are nutrients?
Components in a diet that. Have specific functions within a body
What do nutrients contribute to?
Growth, tissue maintenance, and health
What are the energy producing nutrients?
Carbohydrates, protiens, fats
What are non energy producing nutrients?
Water vitamins and minerals
What are carbs?
Starches and sugars, essential and efficiently used source of energy
Can cats maintain a regular blood glucose level when fed a carb free diet?
Yes
What are cereal grains?
Wheat corn and barely
Why should you cool cereal grains?
Because cooking ruptures the cellulose covering to expose starch granule
What do enzymes do to the starch granules?
Turn them to simple sugars
Where are limited amounts of carbs stored?
Glycogen in liver
What are excess carbs converted to?
Fat
What are non digestible carbs?
Fiber
What is necessary for normal functioning if the GI tract?
Fiber
What does insoluble fiber do?
Increases bull of the diet, contributes to satiety, and maintains normal intestinal transit time and motility
What do soluble fibers do?
Delay gastric emptying and helps create some essential fatty acids
What are some common sources of fiber?
Rice, beans, beef pulp, and soybean or peanut hulls
What are protiens?
Amino acids, nitrogen, and small amounts of sulfur
What are animal sourced if protien?
Meat, eggs, milk, liver
What are plant sources of protiens?
Soybeans, peanuts, corn, wheat
Why are animal sources better?
Have higher biological value (usefulness to the body)
How many amino acids are found in protien?
22
How many amino acids can be made by dogs and cats?
12
What are essential amino acids?
10 amino acids that dogs and cats cannot make
Can cats synthesize taurine?
No
What amino acid can be found as a free amino acid in tissues?
Taurine
What is feline central retinal degeneration?
Photoreceptors become disrupted and dysfunctional. Causes irreversible blindness
What is dialated cardiomyopathy?
Degenerative. Decreased myocardial contractility. Cardiac failure. Can be reversible if caught early
What are protiens required for?
Amino acid supply for protien synthesis, supply nitrogen for synthesis of non essential amino acids, enzymes and hormones, transportation molecules in the blood stream, immune system, and musculoskeletal system
Why are cat livers special?
Cannot change and adapt to differing levels of protien and cannot conserve nitrogen, must metabolize protien at higher rates than other species
What is Arginine needed for?
For normal protien synthesis in liver. Converts ammonia to urea for excretion
What do deficiencies in Arginine cause?
Hyper ammonemia within several hours which will cause embed is, muscular spasms, ataxia, hyperesthesua, clam and death
What is hyperesthesia?
Extremely sensitive to touch
What is fat broken down into?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What are three essential fatty acids?
Linoleic, lindenic, arachidonic
Which essential fatty acid can cats not synthesize very well?
Arachidonic
What can cause bleeding disorders, reproductive problems, poor coat, impaired wound healing, skin liesions, and growth tissues?
Deficiencies in arachnid ionic fatty acids
What is the minimum percent of fat in commercial cat foods?
9%
What is the minimum percent of Linoleic and arachadonic acid in commercial at foods?
0.5 and 0.02
What does fat do?
Aids in digestion of protien, adds palatability
What can excess fat cause?
Steatorrhea and diarrhea, weight gain and obeisity
What can a low fat diet lead to?
Dry brittle hair coat, skin and hair loss
What is the most important nutrient?
Water
Hat are the fat soluble vitamins?
ADEK
Why do animals need a constant source of water?
To replace losses that occur through urine, feces, and respiration a
What vitamins are water soluble?
B complex and C
What are vitamins needed for?
Homeostasis, cell integrity, metabolic reactions
Do dogs and cats make their own vitamins?
Yes
What are minerals?
Electrolytes, cations, anions
What are four macro minerals?
Ca, p, mg, s
What are three electrolytes?
NA, k, cl
What are six micro minerals?
Zn, mn, Se, cu, Fe something else
What are trace minerals used for?
Production if enzymes, bone, and structural integrity, muscle contraction, nerve impulse conduction
What is the first requirement of a diet?
Energy
What is metabolizable energy?
Caloric value if pet foods and dog or cat caloric requirements
What is gross energy?
Foods total energy
What is digestible energy?
Energy animal is capable of digesting and absorbing from a food
What is fecal energy?
In absorbed. Energy of the food
What is the formula to determine digestible energy?
Gross energy - fecal energy = digestible energy
What is the formula for metabolizable energy?
Gross energy-fecal energy-use
What is the average ME value of protien?
3.5 kcal me/g
What is the average me value of carbs?
3.5 kcal me/g
What is the average me value of fats?
8.5 kcal me/g
As a foods energy density increases what happens?
The total volume of food needing to be consumed decreases
What is caloric distribution?
Proportions of protien, carbs, and fats that make up total me.
What is the resting metabolic rate?
Amount of energy required to preform body maintenance and metabolism a day
What is the formula for the resting metabolic rate?
30cal x kg body weight + 70 calories
What is the formula for daily energy requirements?
K x kg body weight ^0.67
What is the k value for an inactive dog?
99
What is the k value for. A normally active dog?
132
What is the k value for a very active dog?
160
What is the daily requirements for a inactive cat?
60
What is the k value for a moderately active cat?
70
What is the k value for a highly active cat?
80
