Nutrition for Chronically Ill Adult Flashcards
What is anthropometry?
The measurement of physical dimensions and composition of the body
What do they measure in the biochemical test?
Serum proteins, hemoglobin, and lipid profile
What does the clinical test detect?
Signs and symptoms of malnutrition
What are dietary methods?
Surveys to measure the quantity of food consumed over a period of time.
What are two types of dysphagia?
Oropharyngeal
Esophageal
How do you assess for dysphagia?
Modified barium swallow
Who performs the modified barium swallow?
Speech or Occupational Therapy
What is esophageal dysphagia?
Food or liquid stops in the esophagus
What is oropharyngeal dysphagia?
Difficulty moving food to the back of the mouth and initiating swallowing
What are some causes of oropharyngeal dysphagia?
Brain or nerve disorders
In which type of dysphagia are liquids harder to swallow than solids?
Oropharyngeal dysphagia
How many levels are there in the dysphagia diet?
5
What are the levels in the dysphagia diet?
- Pureed-mostly liquid
- Minced-0.625 in.
- Ground-0.25 in.
- Chopped-0.5 in.
5-Regular
When is the mechanical soft diet used?
When people can’t chew for multiple reasons.
What is the mechanical soft diet?
Meats are ground if not already in a form which is easily chewed.
What is not allowed in the mechanical soft diet?
Raw fruits and vegetables
Nuts
Seeds
When is the low bacteria diet used?
When a person is immunosuppressed or compromised
Why is cirrhosis used?
To promote liver regeneration, nutritional repletion, and prevent hepatic encephalopathy
High calorie and high protein diet is prescribed in cirrhosis is used unless what develops?
Encephalopathy
When should fat be limited?
If steatorrhea or jaundiced occurs
When should sodium and fluid be restricted?
If ascites and/or edema present
What should always be avoided in cirrhosis?
Alcohol
In hepatic encephalopathy what is the diet designed to do?
Prevent tissue catabolism, ammonia production, and promote liver regeneration
If someone has hepatic encephalopathy and ascites are present what should be avoided?
Sodium and fluid