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923 Nutrition > Nutrition for Chronically Ill Adult > Flashcards

Nutrition for Chronically Ill Adult Flashcards

1
Q

What is anthropometry?

A

The measurement of physical dimensions and composition of the body

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2
Q

What do they measure in the biochemical test?

A

Serum proteins, hemoglobin, and lipid profile

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3
Q

What does the clinical test detect?

A

Signs and symptoms of malnutrition

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4
Q

What are dietary methods?

A

Surveys to measure the quantity of food consumed over a period of time.

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5
Q

What are two types of dysphagia?

A

Oropharyngeal

Esophageal

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6
Q

How do you assess for dysphagia?

A

Modified barium swallow

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7
Q

Who performs the modified barium swallow?

A

Speech or Occupational Therapy

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8
Q

What is esophageal dysphagia?

A

Food or liquid stops in the esophagus

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9
Q

What is oropharyngeal dysphagia?

A

Difficulty moving food to the back of the mouth and initiating swallowing

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10
Q

What are some causes of oropharyngeal dysphagia?

A

Brain or nerve disorders

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11
Q

In which type of dysphagia are liquids harder to swallow than solids?

A

Oropharyngeal dysphagia

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12
Q

How many levels are there in the dysphagia diet?

A

5

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13
Q

What are the levels in the dysphagia diet?

A
  1. Pureed-mostly liquid
  2. Minced-0.625 in.
  3. Ground-0.25 in.
  4. Chopped-0.5 in.
    5-Regular
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14
Q

When is the mechanical soft diet used?

A

When people can’t chew for multiple reasons.

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15
Q

What is the mechanical soft diet?

A

Meats are ground if not already in a form which is easily chewed.

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16
Q

What is not allowed in the mechanical soft diet?

A

Raw fruits and vegetables
Nuts
Seeds

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17
Q

When is the low bacteria diet used?

A

When a person is immunosuppressed or compromised

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18
Q

Why is cirrhosis used?

A

To promote liver regeneration, nutritional repletion, and prevent hepatic encephalopathy

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19
Q

High calorie and high protein diet is prescribed in cirrhosis is used unless what develops?

A

Encephalopathy

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20
Q

When should fat be limited?

A

If steatorrhea or jaundiced occurs

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21
Q

When should sodium and fluid be restricted?

A

If ascites and/or edema present

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22
Q

What should always be avoided in cirrhosis?

A

Alcohol

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23
Q

In hepatic encephalopathy what is the diet designed to do?

A

Prevent tissue catabolism, ammonia production, and promote liver regeneration

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24
Q

If someone has hepatic encephalopathy and ascites are present what should be avoided?

A

Sodium and fluid

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25
Q

What should be monitored if taking potassium diuretics?

A

Serum potassium

26
Q

When is a fat restricted diet used?

A

Gallbladder disease

27
Q

When will MCT (medium chain triglycerides) be indicated in a fat restricted diet?

A

If steatorrhea is present

28
Q

What is steatorrhea?

A

Excess fat in feces

29
Q

How often does an American have a heart attack?

A

34 seconds

30
Q

Is coconut allowed in a fat restricted diet?

31
Q

What it the max amount of grams allowed in bread, rice, pasta, ready to eat cereal in a fat restricted diet?

32
Q

What are “Life’s Simple 7”?

A 
Stop smoking
Lose weight
Get active
Eat better
Manage blood pressure
Control cholesterol
Reduce blood sugar
33
Q

How much fish a week should you have in a heart healthy diet?

A

3.5 ounces

34
Q

How many grams of sodium should you have in a heart healthy diet?

A

<1500 mg per day

35
Q

What does TLC stand for?

A

Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes

36
Q

What does NHLBI stand for?

A

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

37
Q

When is the TLC diet for cholesterol recommended?

A

High LDL
Lipid disorders
Coronary heard disease or other CVD
Diabetes, metabolic syndrome

38
Q

What kind of diet can aid in the control of HTN and the loss of body water?

A

Sodium controlled

39
Q

When is the sodium controlled diet used?

A

CVD, renal disease, edema, and ascites

40
Q

How much sodium is recommended for short term use?

A

250mg and 500mg

41
Q

What is the typical amount of restriction do you see in a sodium controlled diet?

42
Q

When are processed foods allowed in a sodium controlled diet?

A

If they are modified to be in low sodium

43
Q

What is the typical meal for a sodium controlled diet?

A 
Low sodium meat and potato
Vegetable or salad
Bread
Fruit
Milk
44
Q

What does the DASH diet stand for?

A

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension

45
Q

What does the DASH diet put an emphasis on?

A

Fruits, vegetables, whole-grain breeds, fat-free/low fat dairy, lean meats, and nuts

46
Q

What diet is used when a patient has diverticular disease?

A

High fiber

47
Q

If a patient has diverticular disease and is on a high fiber diet what may not be tolerated?

A

Nuts and seeds

48
Q

What are the two types of fiber?

A

Soluble

Insoluble

49
Q

Which type of fiber is good for someone who wants to lose weight?

50
Q

Which type of fiber adds bulk to the stool?

51
Q

What is special about a renal diet?

A

It is very individualized

52
Q

If someone is on predialysis what are 3 things that are restricted?

A

Protein, Phosphorus, Calcium

53
Q

What is restricted/lowered if someone is on hemodialysis/peritoneal dialysis?

A

Sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and calcium

54
Q

What are some key points in the diabetic diet guidelines?

A

Avoid concentrated sweets
Know sources of carbohydrates
Limit high-fat meals

55
Q

If on a high protein, high calorie diet what do you eat extra portions of?

A

Meat, milk, cheese

56
Q

When is a high protein, high calorie diet used?

A

In burn and malnourished patients

57
Q

Where is it more dangerous to gain weight on the body?

A

Above the waist

58
Q

What is the leanest state?

59
Q

How much weight should a person with a BMI 27-35 lose in a week?

A

0.5-1 pound

60
Q

How can you lose one pound a week?

A

Decrease your caloric intake by 500 calories a day

923 Nutrition (5 decks)

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