Nutrition Final Study Guide Flashcards
T or F: The nutritional term carnivore means meat-eater
False
T or F: since omnivores eat “everything” we can just give them a smorgasbord and let them chose what they need to satisfy their nutritional requirements
False
Regarding commercially grown seeds and nuts
They tend to be very palatable
Regarding omnivores
- Frugivores eat fruit, fruit-like veggies, roots, shoots, nuts, and seeds
- many rodents and birds are granivores
Hay quality, and thus nutritional value, is influenced by
- environmental factors like water supply and soil type
- stage of maturity when cut
- how long it is left in the sun after cut
Regarding digestive tract anatomy
Herbivores are either ruminants or hind-gut fermenters with fermentation occurring in the cecum and colon
T or F: calves (and foals) require colostrum for immunoglobulins within the first hour of birth to protect them from environmental pathogens
True
Regarding different hay types
- they may be combined in one bale, for example 3-way hay
- oat hay is a grass hay
The following statements are correct
- spinach is high in oxalates which binds calcium
- cabbage can be goitrogenic due to binding iodine
- an example of a good dark green leafy vegetable is endive
All of the above
The process of dietary evaluation in a zoo setting includes
- knowing what the consumed diet is
- knowing the appropriate nutrient standards for the animal
- knowing what the diet is as presented
The following are recommended feeding strategies for AZA institutions
- aim to provide a nutritionally balanced diet
- provide a diet that reasonably stimulates natural feed behaviors
- provide a diet that is practical and economical to feed
Regarding the recommended diet formulation steps
- background research should be done on the specific species
- diets should be evaluated for adequacy and implemented with concise instructions for the caretakers
T or F: one a diet if formulated for a certain species, there are never any changes made to the diet, unless specifically requested by a licensed veterinarian
False
What is a Gummivore and what is an example?
- a category of omnivore that gets its nutrition from gums and tree-saps, also eat bugs for protein
- sugar gliders, marmosets, lemurs
Give some examples of omnivores that require Vitamin C
- primates, bats, and guinea pigs
What is the difference between a strict carnivore and a facultative carnivore? Give an example of each.
- strict carnivores eat only animal products, cats
- facultative carnivores prefer animal products but can survive on non-animal products, dogs
Give an example of a foregut fermenter and a hindgut fermenter
Foregut: ruminants, kangaroos, camelids, hippos
Hindgut: rabbits, equids, rhinos, elephants
What is a common behavior of ruminants? Hindgut fermenters?
Ruminants: chewing cud, regurgitate food into their mouth to continue chewing
Hindgut: eat their own or others feces, coprophagy
What is passive immunity?
Certain newborn species require antibodies from their mother’s colostrum until they develop their own immunity
- cows and horses
How do you assess body condition in a non-domestic species?
Visual appearance, weight change/trackin, palpating if possible, and knowing what is “normal” for that species
Which species is most sensitive to copper?
Sheep
How should a diet encourage natural feeding behaviors?
- obtain food in a similar manner to that in the wild
- spend the same amount of time on feeding as in the wild
- meals should be given at natural feeding times
What background information do you need for animals with no husbandry manual?
- natural diet and feeding habits
- GI morphology
- normal weight of adult males/females
Age of maturity - longevity (captivity vs wild)
