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Animal Nutrition > Midterm Vocab > Flashcards

Midterm Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Any chemical element or compound in the diet that is required for normal life processes

A

Nutrient

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2
Q

An edible material that provides nutrients

A

Food (Foodstuff)

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3
Q

Commonly used to designate animal food

A

Feed (Feedstuff)

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4
Q

A mixture of feedstuffs used to supply nutrients to an animal

A

Diet

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5
Q

Daily allocation of food or feed

A

Ration

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6
Q

All plant’s structural carbohydrates such as cellulose

A

Crude fiber

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7
Q

Difference between original sample weight and sum of water, ether extract, crude protein, crude fiber, and ash= digestible carb portion of diet. ( % NFE = 100 - % moisturizer - % crude protein - %)

A

Nitrogen-free Extract (NFE)

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8
Q

The capability of doing work

A

Energy

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9
Q

Heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water to 1 degree Celsius

A

Calorie

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10
Q

Complete potential energy in the feed. Quantity of heat resulting from complete oxidation (combustion) of food, feed, or other substance (fuel/food energy)

A

Gross Energy (GE)

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11
Q

Intake of GE minus lost energy in feces (FE)

A

Digestible Energy (DE)

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12
Q

Intake of GE minus fecal energy (FE) minus urine energy (UE) minus gases

A

Metabolizable Energy (ME)

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13
Q

Portion of energy that is available to the animal for the maintenance of various productive purposes. NE = ME - Heat increment (HI) and heat of fermentation (HF)

A

Net Energy (NE)

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14
Q

H2O is the substrate (water required for metabolism of organic compounds)

A

Hydrolysis

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15
Q

H2O is the product

A

Oxidation

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16
Q

Microfiber produces cellulose which breaks down cellulose into glucose

A

Microbial fermentation

17
Q

Building of glycogen from extra glucose

A

Glycogenesis

18
Q

Breakdown of glycogen into glucose

A

Glycogenolysis

19
Q

Glucose formed

A

Gluconeogenesis

20
Q

Produces cellular energy in the form of ATP for animals

A

Cellular respiration

21
Q

How plants uses sunlight to synthesize

A

Photosynthesis

22
Q

Can stick to vessel walls forming plaque & should be low. Is necessary & carries cholesterol

A

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

23
Q

Removes excess cholesterol and puts it in the liver to produce bile salts. Should be high. Necessary and carries cholesterol.

A

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

24
Q

Assess body weight and fat deposition to tell the health of animals

A

Body condition score (BCS)

25
Q

Complex molecules consisting of a sequence of amino acids

A

Protein

26
Q

Building blocks that form a peptide chain that gets folded into a protein

A

Amino acids

27
Q

Protein “organic catalysts” that act locally.

A

Enzyme
- Enzymes are continuously being made & broken down in the cells.

28
Q

Produced by the cells & affects metabolism.

A

Hormones
- Hormones move around the body to affect different glands & tissues. Not all hormones are protein hormones (some lipid).

29
Q

Part of a cell’s protein homeostasis that ensures unnecessary proteins are removed from the cellular environment when they are no longer needed or are damaged or faulty.

A

Protein degradation

30
Q

The creation of proteins by cells that uses DNA, RNA, and various enzymes

A

Protein Synthesis

31
Q

The % of nitrogen absorbed that can be utilized for growth and maintenance

A

Biological Value (BV)

32
Q

Mixture of feedstuffs used to supply nutrients to an animal

A

Diet

33
Q

An edible material that provides nutrients for animals

A

Feed

34
Q

Any material made into or used as food

A

Foodstuff

35
Q

The qualitative and quantitative requirements of the diet necessary to maintain proper health

A

Nutrition

36
Q

Daily allocation of food or feed

A

Ration

Animal Nutrition (4 decks)

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