Midterm Vocab Flashcards
Any chemical element or compound in the diet that is required for normal life processes
Nutrient
An edible material that provides nutrients
Food (Foodstuff)
Commonly used to designate animal food
Feed (Feedstuff)
A mixture of feedstuffs used to supply nutrients to an animal
Diet
Daily allocation of food or feed
Ration
All plant’s structural carbohydrates such as cellulose
Crude fiber
Difference between original sample weight and sum of water, ether extract, crude protein, crude fiber, and ash= digestible carb portion of diet. ( % NFE = 100 - % moisturizer - % crude protein - %)
Nitrogen-free Extract (NFE)
The capability of doing work
Energy
Heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water to 1 degree Celsius
Calorie
Complete potential energy in the feed. Quantity of heat resulting from complete oxidation (combustion) of food, feed, or other substance (fuel/food energy)
Gross Energy (GE)
Intake of GE minus lost energy in feces (FE)
Digestible Energy (DE)
Intake of GE minus fecal energy (FE) minus urine energy (UE) minus gases
Metabolizable Energy (ME)
Portion of energy that is available to the animal for the maintenance of various productive purposes. NE = ME - Heat increment (HI) and heat of fermentation (HF)
Net Energy (NE)
H2O is the substrate (water required for metabolism of organic compounds)
Hydrolysis
H2O is the product
Oxidation
Microfiber produces cellulose which breaks down cellulose into glucose
Microbial fermentation
Building of glycogen from extra glucose
Glycogenesis
Breakdown of glycogen into glucose
Glycogenolysis
Glucose formed
Gluconeogenesis
Produces cellular energy in the form of ATP for animals
Cellular respiration
How plants uses sunlight to synthesize
Photosynthesis
Can stick to vessel walls forming plaque & should be low. Is necessary & carries cholesterol
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
Removes excess cholesterol and puts it in the liver to produce bile salts. Should be high. Necessary and carries cholesterol.
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
Assess body weight and fat deposition to tell the health of animals
Body condition score (BCS)
Complex molecules consisting of a sequence of amino acids
Protein
Building blocks that form a peptide chain that gets folded into a protein
Amino acids
Protein “organic catalysts” that act locally.
Enzyme
- Enzymes are continuously being made & broken down in the cells.
Produced by the cells & affects metabolism.
Hormones
- Hormones move around the body to affect different glands & tissues. Not all hormones are protein hormones (some lipid).
Part of a cell’s protein homeostasis that ensures unnecessary proteins are removed from the cellular environment when they are no longer needed or are damaged or faulty.
Protein degradation
The creation of proteins by cells that uses DNA, RNA, and various enzymes
Protein Synthesis
The % of nitrogen absorbed that can be utilized for growth and maintenance
Biological Value (BV)
Mixture of feedstuffs used to supply nutrients to an animal
Diet
An edible material that provides nutrients for animals
Feed
Any material made into or used as food
Foodstuff
The qualitative and quantitative requirements of the diet necessary to maintain proper health
Nutrition
Daily allocation of food or feed
Ration
