Midterm Vocab

Question 1

Any chemical element or compound in the diet that is required for normal life processes

Answer 1

Nutrient

Question 2

An edible material that provides nutrients

Answer 2

Food (Foodstuff)

Question 3

Commonly used to designate animal food

Answer 3

Feed (Feedstuff)

Question 4

A mixture of feedstuffs used to supply nutrients to an animal

Answer 4

Diet

Question 5

Daily allocation of food or feed

Answer 5

Ration

Question 6

All plant’s structural carbohydrates such as cellulose

Answer 6

Crude fiber

Question 7

Difference between original sample weight and sum of water, ether extract, crude protein, crude fiber, and ash= digestible carb portion of diet. ( % NFE = 100 - % moisturizer - % crude protein - %)

Answer 7

Nitrogen-free Extract (NFE)

Question 8

The capability of doing work

Answer 8

Energy

Question 9

Heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water to 1 degree Celsius

Answer 9

Calorie

Question 10

Complete potential energy in the feed. Quantity of heat resulting from complete oxidation (combustion) of food, feed, or other substance (fuel/food energy)

Answer 10

Gross Energy (GE)

Question 11

Intake of GE minus lost energy in feces (FE)

Answer 11

Digestible Energy (DE)

Question 12

Intake of GE minus fecal energy (FE) minus urine energy (UE) minus gases

Answer 12

Metabolizable Energy (ME)

Question 13

Portion of energy that is available to the animal for the maintenance of various productive purposes. NE = ME - Heat increment (HI) and heat of fermentation (HF)

Answer 13

Net Energy (NE)

Question 14

H2O is the substrate (water required for metabolism of organic compounds)

Answer 14

Hydrolysis

Question 15

H2O is the product

Answer 15

Oxidation

Question 16

Microfiber produces cellulose which breaks down cellulose into glucose

Answer 16

Microbial fermentation

Question 17

Building of glycogen from extra glucose

Answer 17

Glycogenesis

Question 18

Breakdown of glycogen into glucose

Answer 18

Glycogenolysis

Question 19

Glucose formed

Answer 19

Gluconeogenesis

Question 20

Produces cellular energy in the form of ATP for animals

Answer 20

Cellular respiration

Question 21

How plants uses sunlight to synthesize

Answer 21

Photosynthesis

Question 22

Can stick to vessel walls forming plaque & should be low. Is necessary & carries cholesterol

Answer 22

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

Question 23

Removes excess cholesterol and puts it in the liver to produce bile salts. Should be high. Necessary and carries cholesterol.

Answer 23

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

Question 24

Assess body weight and fat deposition to tell the health of animals

Answer 24

Body condition score (BCS)

Question 25

Complex molecules consisting of a sequence of amino acids

Answer 25

Protein

Question 26

Building blocks that form a peptide chain that gets folded into a protein

Answer 26

Amino acids

Question 27

Protein “organic catalysts” that act locally.

Answer 27

Enzyme - Enzymes are continuously being made & broken down in the cells.

Question 28

Produced by the cells & affects metabolism.

Answer 28

Hormones - Hormones move around the body to affect different glands & tissues. Not all hormones are protein hormones (some lipid).

Question 29

Part of a cell’s protein homeostasis that ensures unnecessary proteins are removed from the cellular environment when they are no longer needed or are damaged or faulty.

Answer 29

Protein degradation

Question 30

The creation of proteins by cells that uses DNA, RNA, and various enzymes

Answer 30

Protein Synthesis

Question 31

The % of nitrogen absorbed that can be utilized for growth and maintenance

Answer 31

Biological Value (BV)

Question 32

Mixture of feedstuffs used to supply nutrients to an animal

Answer 32

Diet

Question 33

An edible material that provides nutrients for animals

Answer 33

Feed

Question 34

Any material made into or used as food

Answer 34

Foodstuff

Question 35

The qualitative and quantitative requirements of the diet necessary to maintain proper health

Answer 35

Nutrition

Question 36

Daily allocation of food or feed

Answer 36

Ration