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Nutrition final > Nutrition final - Minerals > Flashcards

Nutrition final - Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Major Minerals

A

Space cheese potentially cause magic pee smell

Sodium
Chloride
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Sulfur
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2
Q

Trace Minerals

A

charming invisible[ zebras crap illustrative scenes

Chromium
Iron 
Zinc
Copper
Iodine
Selenium
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3
Q

Sodium

A

Most abundant cation in the ECF.

  • maintains blood volume
  • nerve impulse transmission
  • muscle contraction
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4
Q

Sodium (excess and def.)

A

Excess : HTN and edema
Def. : (rare)
Hyponatremia
-HA, confusion, coma, death

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5
Q

Sodium (foods)

A 
Table Salt
Soy sauce
Tamari
Celery
(processed foods can contain Sodium w/o chloride as an additive and don't always taste salty)
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6
Q

Chloride

A

Most abundant anion in ECF

  • maintain fluid balance
  • HCL in St.
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7
Q

Chloride (excess/def)

A

Excess : vomiting

Def: rare

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8
Q

Chloride (foods)

A

Processed foods
Dairy
Table Salt
Soy Sauce

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9
Q

Potassium

A

Main cation in ICF

  • maintains fluid balance
  • cell integrity
  • nerve impulse
  • muscle contraction
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10
Q

Potassium (excess/def)

A

Excess :

  • muscle weakness
  • vomitin

Def :

  • increased BP
  • Kd Stones
  • irregular Ht beat
  • muscle weakness
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11
Q

Potassium (foods)

A 
Avocado
nuts/seeds
cruciferous veggies
bananana
skwash
poTaTo
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12
Q

Calcium (% in body, and 2 forms)

A

Most abundant mineral in body - 2%

2 forms:

  • hydroxyapatite : bones and teeth
  • ionized calcium : bodily fluids for physiological activity.
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13
Q

Calcium (what does it do?)

A
  • calcifies bones and teeth
  • blood clotting - activates thrombokinase
  • regulates Ht beat
  • Transport ions across cell membranes (nerve transmission and muscle contraction)
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14
Q

Calcium (where its stored and homronal regulation)

A

-skeleton is a Ca bank (borrow and return ca)

  • parathyroid
  • Calcitonin (ca lowering)
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15
Q

Calcium (excess/def)

A

Excess: rigor, muscles cant relax

Def: poor dietary intake

  • bone depletion ~ osteoporosis
  • stunted growth in children
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16
Q

Calcium (foods)

A 
Dairy (yogurt, cheese, milk)*
Sardines *
Tofu*
Green leafy veggies
Cruciferous Veggies
Fortified grains
Legumes
Seamariuana(weed)
Sesame seeds
17
Q

Calcium Balance (this is a big one)

A

Calcitonin vs parathyroid hormone

Calcitonin (lowers blood Ca levels which inhibits calcitonin secretion)

  • rising blood Ca signals thyroid to secrete calcitonin
  • inhibits activation of vit. D
  • prevents Ca reaabsorption in Kd
  • Limits Ca absorption in intestines
  • Inhibits osteoclasts

Parathyroid (raises Ca levels which inhibits PTH secretion)

*Falling blood Ca signals parathyroid to secret Parathyroid hormone
-stimulates activation of vit. D
-stimulates ca reabsorption in Kd
Enhances Ca absorption in intestines
-Vit D and PTH stimulate osteoclasts

18
Q

Magnesium

A
  • Catalyst for ATP production
  • cell membrane stabilization
  • synthesis of protein, lipids, and nucleic acid
  • DNA synthesis
  • Muscle contraction
  • Blood clotting
  • BP regulation
19
Q

Magnesium (food)

A

*Nuts and seeds (cashew)
*Legumes (Artichoke)
*Fish (Halibut)
whole grains
green leafy veggies

20
Q

Phosphorus

A

2nd most abundant mineral in the body

  • formation of:
  • bones and teeth
  • Atp
  • NADP
  • nucleotides and nucleic acid structures
  • biosynthesis of phospholipids in cell membranes
  • carb metabolism
21
Q

Phosphorus (excess/def)

A

Excess :
calcification of non skeletal tissue, kidneys

Def :
muscle weakness
bone pain

22
Q

Phosphorus (foods)

A

*Liver
*Dairy (yogurt)
*Nuts/seeds (sunflower)
*Chicken
Beef
Eggs
Tofu
Legumes

23
Q

Sulfur

A

easily attainable in diet
-methionine and cysteine

needed for skin, nails and hair

24
Q

Sulfur (excess and def.)

A

excess : none

Def:
joint pain /arthritis
impaired liver fx

25
Q

Sulfur (foods)

A 
Eggs
Legumes
Whole grains
Garlic
Onions
Cruciferous Veggies
- brussel sprouts, cabbage

Nutrition final (4 decks)

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