Nutrition final

Question 1

characteristics of anorexia

Answer 1

extreme dietary restrictions, low body weight, overwhelming distress about weight gain, disturbed self-perception

Question 2

health consequences of anorexia

Answer 2

hair loss, fainting, loss of heart tissue, lanugo, little fat, amenorrhea, low bone mass, muscle tears, low body temp, bruising, low metabolic rate, anemia, blood potassium imbalance, irregular heartbeat, dental decay, constipation, sleep disturbances, immune dysfunction, infertility

Question 3

characteristics of bulimia

Answer 3

repeated binge eating, repeated use of unsafe ways to prevent weight gain, cycle occurs at least once a week for 3 months

Question 4

health consequences of bulimia

Answer 4

swollen salivary glands, irritated esophagus, stomach ulcers, bursted blood vessels in eyes and nose, erosion of teeth, blood potassium imbalance, irregular heart rhythm

Question 5

characteristics of binge-eating

Answer 5

recurrent binge eating, extreme distress about binge eating, at least once a week for 3 months, rapid eating, eating beyond fullness, overeating when not hungry, eating alone to avoid embarrassment, feelings of self disgust, depression, or guilt

Question 6

health consequences of binge eating

Answer 6

hypertension, high cholesterol, osteoarthritis, fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, cancer, sleep apnea, immune dysfunction, infertility

Question 7

temperature danger zone

Answer 7

40-140

Question 8

min cooking temp for ground beef

Answer 8

160

Question 9

min cooking temp for steaks

Answer 9

depends but 145

Question 10

min cooking temp for fish

Answer 10

145

Question 11

min cooking temp for chicken

Answer 11

165

Question 12

fridge temp

Answer 12

37

Question 13

freezer temp

Answer 13

15

Question 14

food preservation techniques

Answer 14

clean, separate, cook, chill

Question 15

HALT

Answer 15

humidity, air, light, temperature

Question 16

organic pros

Answer 16

lower pesticide residues, higher phenolic compounds, more flavor, soil and water conservation practices, reduced chemical pollution

Question 17

organic cons

Answer 17

still use natural pesticides, transported long distances, inefficient land use, more expensive, spoils more easily, microbial contamination, manure fertilizer may increase pathogens

Question 18

conventional farming pros

Answer 18

higher yields and lower production costs, more affordable prices, greater variety of foods year-round with similar nutritional content, larger more desirable produce, lasts longer

Question 19

conventional farming cons

Answer 19

may harm environment, residues of chemicals remain on produce, use of GMOs

Question 20

purpose of food additives

Answer 20

enhance shelf life, safety, flavor, color, texture, stability, and nutritional value

Question 21

EER change for pregnancy

Answer 21

1st trimester: same
2nd trimester: +340
3rd trimester: +450

Question 22

protein need for pregnant women

Answer 22

1.1 gm/kg

Question 23

folate need for pregnancy

Answer 23

600 mcg

Question 24

Iron need for pregnancy

Answer 24

27 mg/day

Question 25

recommended weight gain for underweight pregnant

Answer 25

BMI < 18.5 = 28-40 pounds

Question 26

recommended weight gain for healthy weight pregnant

Answer 26

BMI 18.5-24.9 = 25-35 pounds

Question 27

recommended weight gain for overweight pregnant

Answer 27

BMI 25-29.9 = 15-25 pounds

Question 28

recommended weight gain for obese pregnant

Answer 28

BMI >30 = 11-20 pounds

Question 29

consequences of inadequate weight gain

Answer 29

higher risk of low-birth weight and infant mortality, poorer fetal growth and development, long-term health problems

Question 30

consequences of excess weight gain

Answer 30

labor and delivery complications, higher risk of c-section, postpartum weight retention, increased gestational diabetes risk, increased hypertension

Question 31

ways to manage heartburn

Answer 31

avoid lying down for at least 3 hours after eating, avoid spicy and high fat foods, consume most liquids between meals

Question 32

ways to manage constipation

Answer 32

consume adequate fiber and fluid, regular physical activity

Question 33

ways to manage morning sickness

Answer 33

small frequent meals, bland foods, avoid high fat, acidic, or spicy foods, stay hydrated, ginger

Question 34

benefits of breastfeeding for baby

Answer 34

bacteriologically safe, antibodies, healthy gut microbiota, decreased risk of infection, atopic diseases, and celiac disease, eating in moderation, jaw and teeth development

Question 35

benefits of breastfeeding for mother

Answer 35

earlier pregnancy recovery, decreased risk of chronic disease, ovarian, or breast cancer, quicker return to pre-pregnancy weight, potential for delayed ovulation

Question 36

indicators that an infant is ready for solid foods

Answer 36

at least 13 pounds, transfers food from front to back, head and neck control, sit up alone, opens mouth, brings objects to mouth, grasps small objects

Question 37

when to introduce iron supplements

Answer 37

4 months

Question 38

when should cow's milk be introduced?

Answer 38

1 year

Question 39

vitamin d supplement for infants

Answer 39

shortly after birth - 6 months

Question 40

vitamin k supplement for infants

Answer 40

dose at birth

Question 41

fluoride supplement for infants

Answer 41

6 months if water supply is low

Question 42

vitamin b12 supplement for infants

Answer 42

for mother or infant if mother is vegan

Question 43

underweight in children

Answer 43

<5th percentile

Question 44

healthy weight in children

Answer 44

5th-84th percentile

Question 45

overweight in children

Answer 45

85th-94th percentile

Question 46

obese in children

Answer 46

>95th percentile

Question 47

obesity prevention and treatments: nutrition

Answer 47

eat more fruits and veggies, limit sugar-sweetened drinks, limit fast food, appropriate portion sizes, eat breakfast everyday, limit excessive snacking

Question 48

obesity prevention and treatment: behavior

Answer 48

family meals, sleep, less screen time, physical activity, parents model good behavior, make changes as a family

Question 49

benefits of family meals

Answer 49

more fruits and veggies, more nutrients, less likely to skip breakfast, more aware of foods, ingredients, and portions, strong family relationships, improved school performance, lower rates of drugs, alcohol, and smoking

Question 50

energy needs for 12-23 months

Answer 50

700-1000 kcal/day

Question 51

energy needs for 2-5 years

Answer 51

1000-1600 kcal/day

Question 52

most common food allergens

Answer 52

milk, eggs, fish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, shellfish, soy, sesame

Question 53

nutrients that adolescents need more of

Answer 53

iron and calcium

Question 54

equivalence of raw leafy greens

Answer 54

2 cups of leafy greens = 1 cup of vegetables

Question 55

equivalence of cheese

Answer 55

1 1/2 cups of cheese = 1 cup of dairy

Question 56

equivalence of dried fruit

Answer 56

1/2 cup of dried fruit = 1 cup of fruit

Question 57

equivalence of beans

Answer 57

1/4 cup of beans = 1 oz of protein

Question 58

equivalence of an egg

Answer 58

1 egg = 1 oz of protein

Question 59

equivalence of peanut butter

Answer 59

1 tbsp of peanut butter = 1 oz of protein

Question 60

equivalence of nuts/seeds

Answer 60

1/2 oz of nuts/seeds = 1 oz of protein

Question 61

equivalence of tofu

Answer 61

1/4 cups (2 oz) of tofu = 1 oz of protein

Question 62

equivalence of cooked tempeh

Answer 62

1 oz of cooked tempeh = 1 oz of protein

Question 63

amenorrhea has the greatest effect on which mineral?

Answer 63

calcium because it disrupts estrogen balance which impacts how much calcium is absorbed

Question 64

ideal level of cholesterol

Answer 64

<200 mg/dL

Question 65

high risk cholesterol

Answer 65

>240 mg/dL

Question 66

LDL ideal cholesterol

Answer 66

<100 mg/dL

Question 67

high LDL cholesterol

Answer 67

>130 mg/dL

Question 68

HDL ideal cholesterol

Answer 68

>60 mg/dL

Question 69

high risk HDL cholesterol

Answer 69

<40 mg/dL

Question 70

dietary cholesterol only comes from ...

Answer 70

animal foods

Question 71

food sources of MUFAs

Answer 71

olive oil, canola oil, avocados, nuts

Question 72

food sources of SFAs

Answer 72

lard, bacon, fatty red meat, coconut oil, palm oil

Question 73

food sources of omega-3

Answer 73

fish, canola oil, soybean oil, flax seed, walnuts

Question 74

basal metabolism includes...

Answer 74

heart beat, respiration, organ activity like liver, brain, and kidneys

Question 75

protein metabolism

Answer 75

DNA contains protein info, DNA is copied or transcribed into mRNA, goes to ribosome, amino acids are carried to ribosomes by tRNA with codes matching mRNA