Nutrition & Exercise Flashcards
In an adult with diabetes what should the macronutrient distribution look like?
Carbs: 45-60%
Fat: 20-35%
Protein:15-20%
To reduce the risk of CVD, adults with diabetes should avoid ___________
trans fatty acids (TFA)
Consume less than ___% of total daily energy from _________ replacing these fatty acids with ________ particularly mixed n-3/n-6 sources, _________from plant sources, whole grains or low-GI carbohydrates
9%, saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)
Adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes may aim to consume ______ g/day of dietary fibre with a ____ coming from _______ dietary fibre to improve glycemic control and LDL-C, and reduce CV risk
30 to 50 g/day, 1/3 or more (10 to 20 g/day), viscous soluble
How much exercise should PWD get. What type of exercise?
minimum of 150 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise each week, spread over at least 3 days of the week, with no more than 2 consecutive days without exercise
What type of exercise can be recommended to a type 2 person who wants to increase their cardiorespiratory fitness
interval training
People with diabetes (including elderly people) should perform ________ at LEAST ___x a week, preferably __ x per week in addition to aerobic exercise
resistance exercise, twice/week, 3x
To reduce risk of hypoglycemia during and after exercise in people with type 1 diabetes, the following strategies can be considered alone or in combination
1) Reduce the BOLUS dose of the insulin that is most active at the time of exercise
2) Significantly reduce, or suspend (only if the activity is ≤45 minutes), BASAL insulin for the exercise duration, and lower the basal rate overnight after exercise by ~20%
3) Increase carbohydrate consumption prior to, during and after exercise, as necessary
4) Perform brief (10 seconds), maximal-intensity sprints at the start of exercise, periodically during the activity, or at the end of exercise
5) Perform resistance exercise before aerobic exercise
People with diabetes ≥40 years of age who wish to undertake very vigorous or prolonged exercise, such as competitive running, long-distance running, or high-intensity interval training, should be assessed for
conditions that might place them at increased risk for an adverse event with history, physical examination (including fundoscopic exam, foot exam and neuropathy screening), resting ECG and, possibly, exercise ECG stress testing
Reduction of sedentary behaviours
try to get up every 20-30 min
When can you consider bariatric surgery in type 2
BMI ≥35.0 when healthy behaviour interventions with or without weight management medication(s) are inadequate in achieving target glycemic control or healthy weight goals
