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Nutrition > Nutrition Exam 4 > Flashcards

Nutrition Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a compound that protects cells from the damage caused by oxidation?

A

Antioxidants

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2
Q

What are the nutrients with antioxidant properties?

A

Vitamin E
Vitamin C
Vitamin A

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3
Q

When does the chemical reaction of oxidation occur?

A

When atoms lose electrons

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4
Q

What is a free radical?

A

Atom with an unpaired electron

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5
Q

What factors leads to the formation of free radicals?

A

Pollution
Excess sunlight
toxic substances
Radiation
Tobacco smoke
Asbestos

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6
Q

What molecules do free radicals change?

A

low-density lipoproteins
Cell Proteins
DNA

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7
Q

How do antioxidants work?

A

By donating electrons to stabilize the free radicals

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8
Q

What is the actions of converting free radicals to hydrogen peroxide?

A

Superoxide dismutase

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9
Q

What is the primary reaction of glutathione peroxidase?

A

Removes hydrogen peroxide

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10
Q

What is Vitamin E’s function in a cell membrane?

A

Donates electrons to free radicals in cell membrane to stabilize them

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11
Q

Vitamin E is present in high amounts in which food?

A

Vegetable oils like safflower, sunflower, canola, soybean, mayonnaise, salad dressing

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12
Q

What is the function of Vitamin C?

A

Synthesis of Collagen

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13
Q

What is the function of Vitamin C with Iron

A

enhances iron absorption

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14
Q

What is the deficiency disease of vitamin C?

A

Scurvy
Which symptoms include bleeding gums, weakness, loss of teeth, wounds that don’t heal, bone fractures, diarrhea, depression

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15
Q

What nutrient is required for vision?

A

Vitamin A

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16
Q

What are facts about bones?

A

Living organisms that contain:
Bone tissue
cartilage
connective tissue

and

Nerves and blood run within channels in. bone to support its activities

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17
Q

What is the component that applies hardness of bones?

A

Minerals

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18
Q

What type of bones is the outer surface of our skeleton?

A

Cortical bone

19
Q

What type of bone is the spongy scaffolding inside of the bones with a faster turnover rate?

A

Trabecular bone

20
Q

What is the definition of the bone shaping of the bone complete by early childhood

A

Bone modeling:
Shaping of bone
complete by early childhood
Exercise and overweight increase thickness

21
Q

What is the breakdown of old bone tissue and formation of new bone tissue?

A

Bone remodeling

22
Q

What factors associated with a lower peak bone density?

A

Late pubertal age in boys
Late onset of mensuration in girls
Inadequate calcium intake
Low body weight
Physical inactivity during the pubertal years

23
Q

What cells work with the resorption

A

Osteoclasts

Takes 6 weeks

24
Q

What tool is used to assess a persons risk for fracture and diagnose osteoporosis?

A

T-score

25
Q

What mineral assists in muscle contraction along with providing structure for bones and teeth?

A

Calcium

26
Q

Increased recreation

A

chapter 11 pg 18

27
Q

What mineral requires vitamin D for absorption?

A

Calcium

28
Q

The bioavailability which is the body’s ability to absorb and utilize calcium depends on what?

A

Individuals age and calcium need
Dietary calcium and vitamin D
Binding Factors (phytates, oxalates) in foods

29
Q

What are the components of blood?

A

Erythrocytes: red blood cells transport oxygen through the body
Leukocytes: White blood cells are key to our immune system
Platelets: Cell fragments assist in blood clotting

30
Q

What component of the blood is the fluid portion and maintains adequate blood volume?

A

Plasma

31
Q

Iron is required for the hemo group to carry what molecule?

A

Oxygen

32
Q

What are the factors that alter iron digestion and absorption?

A

-Individuals iron status
-Level of dietary iron consumption
-type of iron in foods
-amount of stomach acid for digestion
-dietary factors enhance or inhibit absorption

33
Q

Identify ways iron is lost or removed from the body:

A

-Feces
-menses
-blood donations
-turn over of gut enterocytes

34
Q

When cells break down what happens to iron within a cell?

A

iron is recycled and returned to body’s iron pool

35
Q

What type of iron is part. of hemoglobin and myoglobin in animal based foods?

A

Heme iron

36
Q

Most of the iron in food is in what form?

A

nonheme

37
Q

What vitamin enhances iron absorption?

A

Vitamin C

38
Q

What is the function of vitamin C with iron?

A

Enhances, increases iron absorption

39
Q

How do minerals with divalent cations affect iron absorption?

A

impair

40
Q

What are Zinc and magnesium

A

minerals that impair iron absorption

41
Q

What are factors that impair iron absorption?

A

Phytates- legumes, rice, whole grains
Polyphenols- oregano, red wine, coffee
Oxalic acid- spinach, grains, chard, rhubarb

42
Q

What is the primary storage form in the liver, bone marrow, and spleen?

A

Ferritin

43
Q

What is the most common cause of poisoning death in children?

A

Iron supplements

Nutrition (4 decks)

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