Nutrition Exam 4

Question 1

What is a compound that protects cells from the damage caused by oxidation?

Answer 1

Antioxidants

Question 2

What are the nutrients with antioxidant properties?

Answer 2

Vitamin E
Vitamin C
Vitamin A

Question 3

When does the chemical reaction of oxidation occur?

Answer 3

When atoms lose electrons

Question 4

What is a free radical?

Answer 4

Atom with an unpaired electron

Question 5

What factors leads to the formation of free radicals?

Answer 5

Pollution
Excess sunlight
toxic substances
Radiation
Tobacco smoke
Asbestos

Question 6

What molecules do free radicals change?

Answer 6

low-density lipoproteins
Cell Proteins
DNA

Question 7

How do antioxidants work?

Answer 7

By donating electrons to stabilize the free radicals

Question 8

What is the actions of converting free radicals to hydrogen peroxide?

Answer 8

Superoxide dismutase

Question 9

What is the primary reaction of glutathione peroxidase?

Answer 9

Removes hydrogen peroxide

Question 10

What is Vitamin E’s function in a cell membrane?

Answer 10

Donates electrons to free radicals in cell membrane to stabilize them

Question 11

Vitamin E is present in high amounts in which food?

Answer 11

Vegetable oils like safflower, sunflower, canola, soybean, mayonnaise, salad dressing

Question 12

What is the function of Vitamin C?

Answer 12

Synthesis of Collagen

Question 13

What is the function of Vitamin C with Iron

Answer 13

enhances iron absorption

Question 14

What is the deficiency disease of vitamin C?

Answer 14

Scurvy
Which symptoms include bleeding gums, weakness, loss of teeth, wounds that don’t heal, bone fractures, diarrhea, depression

Question 15

What nutrient is required for vision?

Answer 15

Vitamin A

Question 16

What are facts about bones?

Answer 16

Living organisms that contain:
Bone tissue
cartilage
connective tissue

and

Nerves and blood run within channels in. bone to support its activities

Question 17

What is the component that applies hardness of bones?

Answer 17

Minerals

Question 18

What type of bones is the outer surface of our skeleton?

Answer 18

Cortical bone

Question 19

What type of bone is the spongy scaffolding inside of the bones with a faster turnover rate?

Answer 19

Trabecular bone

Question 20

What is the definition of the bone shaping of the bone complete by early childhood

Answer 20

Bone modeling:
Shaping of bone
complete by early childhood
Exercise and overweight increase thickness

Question 21

What is the breakdown of old bone tissue and formation of new bone tissue?

Answer 21

Bone remodeling

Question 22

What factors associated with a lower peak bone density?

Answer 22

Late pubertal age in boys
Late onset of mensuration in girls
Inadequate calcium intake
Low body weight
Physical inactivity during the pubertal years

Question 23

What cells work with the resorption

Answer 23

Osteoclasts

Takes 6 weeks

Question 24

What tool is used to assess a persons risk for fracture and diagnose osteoporosis?

Answer 24

T-score

Question 25

What mineral assists in muscle contraction along with providing structure for bones and teeth?

Answer 25

Calcium

Question 26

Increased recreation

Answer 26

chapter 11 pg 18

Question 27

What mineral requires vitamin D for absorption?

Answer 27

Calcium

Question 28

The bioavailability which is the body's ability to absorb and utilize calcium depends on what?

Answer 28

Individuals age and calcium need Dietary calcium and vitamin D Binding Factors (phytates, oxalates) in foods

Question 29

What are the components of blood?

Answer 29

Erythrocytes: red blood cells transport oxygen through the body Leukocytes: White blood cells are key to our immune system Platelets: Cell fragments assist in blood clotting

Question 30

What component of the blood is the fluid portion and maintains adequate blood volume?

Answer 30

Plasma

Question 31

Iron is required for the hemo group to carry what molecule?

Answer 31

Oxygen

Question 32

What are the factors that alter iron digestion and absorption?

Answer 32

-Individuals iron status -Level of dietary iron consumption -type of iron in foods -amount of stomach acid for digestion -dietary factors enhance or inhibit absorption

Question 33

Identify ways iron is lost or removed from the body:

Answer 33

-Feces -menses -blood donations -turn over of gut enterocytes

Question 34

When cells break down what happens to iron within a cell?

Answer 34

iron is recycled and returned to body's iron pool

Question 35

What type of iron is part. of hemoglobin and myoglobin in animal based foods?

Answer 35

Heme iron

Question 36

Most of the iron in food is in what form?

Answer 36

nonheme

Question 37

What vitamin enhances iron absorption?

Answer 37

Vitamin C

Question 38

What is the function of vitamin C with iron?

Answer 38

Enhances, increases iron absorption

Question 39

How do minerals with divalent cations affect iron absorption?

Answer 39

impair

Question 40

What are Zinc and magnesium

Answer 40

minerals that impair iron absorption

Question 41

What are factors that impair iron absorption?

Answer 41

Phytates- legumes, rice, whole grains Polyphenols- oregano, red wine, coffee Oxalic acid- spinach, grains, chard, rhubarb

Question 42

What is the primary storage form in the liver, bone marrow, and spleen?

Answer 42

Ferritin

Question 43

What is the most common cause of poisoning death in children?

Answer 43

Iron supplements