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Nutrition > Nutrition Exam 3 > Flashcards

Nutrition Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What represents the ratio of a person’s weight to the square of his or her height?

A

Body Mass Index

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2
Q

What is composed of three components:

-Basal metabolic rate
(BMR)
-Thermic effect of food (TEF)
-Energy cost of physical activity

A

Energy Expenditure

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3
Q

What measures of estimates energy expenditure by measuring. oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production?

A

Indirect Calorimetry

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4
Q

Energy is expended for activities above BMR and TEF but excludes sporting activities, includes spontaneous physical activity such as fidgeting and shifting.

A

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT).

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5
Q

What gene expends less energy at rest than other people at rest?

A

Thrifty Gene Theory

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6
Q

What is the drifty gene hypothesis?

A

Suggest that in the current food environment, some people become obese but others do not due to random mutation and drift in the genes that control the upper limit of body fatness.

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7
Q

What is the hormone produced by adipose tissues and acts to reduce food intake/ decreases hunger?

A

Leptin

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8
Q

What is the hormone produced in stomach, and stimulates hunger?

A

Ghrelin

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9
Q

What is the protein produced in the GI tract and decreases appetite?

A

Peptide YY (PYY)

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10
Q

What are the TWO hormones that increase hunger/satiety?

A

Serotonin

Cholecytokinin (CCK)

VERY IMPORTANT THAT YOU SELECT BOTH ON THE EXAM

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11
Q

What is the fat around the abdomen organs that with excess can release adipokines which promote an inflammatory state that increases a persons risk for:
-Heart Disease
-Type 2 Diabetes
-Stroke
-Metabolic syndrome
-Alzheimers

A

Visceral Fat

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12
Q

What proteins are secreted by adipose tissues that increases inflammation?

A

Adipokines

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13
Q

What diagnosis has a cluster of factors increases risk for heart disease, type two diabetes, and stroke

A

Metabolic Syndrome

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14
Q

What diet promotes ketosis?

A

DR. Atkins diet Revolution, Sugar Busters, and Paleo Diet

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15
Q

What are low carb diets

A

low carbs high fat and protein diets

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16
Q

What molecule is organic?

A

A, B Vitamis

Carbs, Proteins, lipids

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17
Q

What food group contains Vitamin D?

A

Dairy

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18
Q

What food group has Folate?

A

Vegetables
Fruit
Grains

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19
Q

Which vitamins are in the protein group?

A

Niacin
Thiamin
Vitamin B sub 6
Vitamin B sub 12

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20
Q

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are examples of what type of vitamin?

A

Fat- Soluble Vitamins

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21
Q

What vitamins are absorbed with dietary fat and can be stored in the body?

A

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

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22
Q

What group of vitamins are not stored in the body and need to be consumed daily?

A

Water-soluble vitamins

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23
Q

What are B, thiamin, and C vitamins

A

Water-Soluble

24
Q

What vitamin is used as coenzyme NAD required for protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism?

A

Niacin

25
Q

What is the deficiency disease of thiamin?

A

BeriBeri

26
Q

What vitamin is destroyed by UV light and because of that is stored in opaque milk cartons?

A

Riboflavin

27
Q

What is the deficiency disease of Niacin?

A

Pellagra

28
Q

What vitamin is pyridoxine?

A

Vitamin B6

29
Q

What vitamin deficiency can lead to neural tube defect in infants?

A

Folate

30
Q

What vitamin requires intrinsic factor for absorption?

A

B12 Vitamin

31
Q

What mineral is a component of thyroid hormones?

A

Iodine

32
Q

What mineral is a cofactor in protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism, gluconeogensis, cholesterol synthesis, and urea formation?

A

Manganese

33
Q

What percent of the healthy adult body is fluid?

A

50-70%

34
Q

Flows outside of the cell?

A

Extracellular fluid

35
Q

Flows between cells that make up a particular tissue or organ (muscle, liver)

A

Interstitial fluid

36
Q

Intravascular fluid

A

the water in the blood and. lymph

37
Q

Transports blood cells within arteries, veins, and capillaries

A

Plasma

38
Q

What are the components of the extra cellular fluid compartment?

A

Extracellular Fluid
Interstitial Fluid
Intravascular Fluid
Plasma

39
Q

What is one component of the extra cellular fluid compartment and it’s definition?

A

Plasma- Transports blood cells within arteries, veins, and capillaries

40
Q

Lean tissue has less fluid content than fat tissue T or F?

A

False- lean muscle tissue has a higher fluid content than fat tissues

41
Q

What is the. positive ion in thee intercellular fluid?

A

Potassium

42
Q

What is the negative ion in the extracellular fluid?

A

Chloride

43
Q

Positive charge cations?

A

Sodium
Potassium

44
Q

Negative charge ions?

A

Chloride
Phosphorus

45
Q

Electrolytes in the extracellular fluid?

A

Sodium
Chloride

46
Q

Electrolytes in the intracellular fluid?

A

Potassium
Phosphorus

47
Q

How do positive ions attract chlorine?

A

The positive sodium “ion” is electrically attracted by the negatively charged chlorine ion

Slightly positive hydrogen are attracted to chlorine anions

48
Q

What is an excellent solvent in the body?

A

Water is an excellent solvent because it dissolves a variety of substances

49
Q

What organ helps regulate blood volume and blood pressure?

A

Kidney

50
Q

What hormone is released from the pituitary gland to reduce urine output? Why?

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
When blood pressure is too low

51
Q

What mineral is required to pump out of the muscle cell for relaxation after a contraction?

A

Calcium

52
Q

What is metabolic water formed from?

A

Metabolic reactions

53
Q

What is formed from metabolic reactions?

A

Metabolic water

54
Q

Increased concentration of solutes in the blood stimulate what region of the brain?

A

Thirst Mechanism
Hypothalamus

55
Q

Sensible fluid losses occur from what?

A

Urine

Kidneys excrete water as urine

56
Q

High blood pressure is associated with what type of diet?

A

High sodium diets

57
Q

What represents. the ratio of a persons weight

A

Nutrition (4 decks)

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