Nutrition Exam 3

Question 1

What represents the ratio of a person’s weight to the square of his or her height?

Answer 1

Body Mass Index

Question 2

What is composed of three components:

-Basal metabolic rate
(BMR)
-Thermic effect of food (TEF)
-Energy cost of physical activity

Answer 2

Energy Expenditure

Question 3

What measures of estimates energy expenditure by measuring. oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production?

Answer 3

Indirect Calorimetry

Question 4

Energy is expended for activities above BMR and TEF but excludes sporting activities, includes spontaneous physical activity such as fidgeting and shifting.

Answer 4

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT).

Question 5

What gene expends less energy at rest than other people at rest?

Answer 5

Thrifty Gene Theory

Question 6

What is the drifty gene hypothesis?

Answer 6

Suggest that in the current food environment, some people become obese but others do not due to random mutation and drift in the genes that control the upper limit of body fatness.

Question 7

What is the hormone produced by adipose tissues and acts to reduce food intake/ decreases hunger?

Answer 7

Leptin

Question 8

What is the hormone produced in stomach, and stimulates hunger?

Answer 8

Ghrelin

Question 9

What is the protein produced in the GI tract and decreases appetite?

Answer 9

Peptide YY (PYY)

Question 10

What are the TWO hormones that increase hunger/satiety?

Answer 10

Serotonin

Cholecytokinin (CCK)

VERY IMPORTANT THAT YOU SELECT BOTH ON THE EXAM

Question 11

What is the fat around the abdomen organs that with excess can release adipokines which promote an inflammatory state that increases a persons risk for:
-Heart Disease
-Type 2 Diabetes
-Stroke
-Metabolic syndrome
-Alzheimers

Answer 11

Visceral Fat

Question 12

What proteins are secreted by adipose tissues that increases inflammation?

Answer 12

Adipokines

Question 13

What diagnosis has a cluster of factors increases risk for heart disease, type two diabetes, and stroke

Answer 13

Metabolic Syndrome

Question 14

What diet promotes ketosis?

Answer 14

DR. Atkins diet Revolution, Sugar Busters, and Paleo Diet

Question 15

What are low carb diets

Answer 15

low carbs high fat and protein diets

Question 16

What molecule is organic?

Answer 16

A, B Vitamis

Carbs, Proteins, lipids

Question 17

What food group contains Vitamin D?

Answer 17

Dairy

Question 18

What food group has Folate?

Answer 18

Vegetables
Fruit
Grains

Question 19

Which vitamins are in the protein group?

Answer 19

Niacin
Thiamin
Vitamin B sub 6
Vitamin B sub 12

Question 20

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are examples of what type of vitamin?

Answer 20

Fat- Soluble Vitamins

Question 21

What vitamins are absorbed with dietary fat and can be stored in the body?

Answer 21

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Question 22

What group of vitamins are not stored in the body and need to be consumed daily?

Answer 22

Water-soluble vitamins

Question 23

What are B, thiamin, and C vitamins

Answer 23

Water-Soluble

Question 24

What vitamin is used as coenzyme NAD required for protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism?

Answer 24

Niacin

Question 25

What is the deficiency disease of thiamin?

Answer 25

BeriBeri

Question 26

What vitamin is destroyed by UV light and because of that is stored in opaque milk cartons?

Answer 26

Riboflavin

Question 27

What is the deficiency disease of Niacin?

Answer 27

Pellagra

Question 28

What vitamin is pyridoxine?

Answer 28

Vitamin B6

Question 29

What vitamin deficiency can lead to neural tube defect in infants?

Answer 29

Folate

Question 30

What vitamin requires intrinsic factor for absorption?

Answer 30

B12 Vitamin

Question 31

What mineral is a component of thyroid hormones?

Answer 31

Iodine

Question 32

What mineral is a cofactor in protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism, gluconeogensis, cholesterol synthesis, and urea formation?

Answer 32

Manganese

Question 33

What percent of the healthy adult body is fluid?

Answer 33

50-70%

Question 34

Flows outside of the cell?

Answer 34

Extracellular fluid

Question 35

Flows between cells that make up a particular tissue or organ (muscle, liver)

Answer 35

Interstitial fluid

Question 36

Intravascular fluid

Answer 36

the water in the blood and. lymph

Question 37

Transports blood cells within arteries, veins, and capillaries

Answer 37

Plasma

Question 38

What are the components of the extra cellular fluid compartment?

Answer 38

Extracellular Fluid Interstitial Fluid Intravascular Fluid Plasma

Question 39

What is one component of the extra cellular fluid compartment and it's definition?

Answer 39

Plasma- Transports blood cells within arteries, veins, and capillaries

Question 40

Lean tissue has less fluid content than fat tissue T or F?

Answer 40

False- lean muscle tissue has a higher fluid content than fat tissues

Question 41

What is the. positive ion in thee intercellular fluid?

Answer 41

Potassium

Question 42

What is the negative ion in the extracellular fluid?

Answer 42

Chloride

Question 43

Positive charge cations?

Answer 43

Sodium Potassium

Question 44

Negative charge ions?

Answer 44

Chloride Phosphorus

Question 45

Electrolytes in the extracellular fluid?

Answer 45

Sodium Chloride

Question 46

Electrolytes in the intracellular fluid?

Answer 46

Potassium Phosphorus

Question 47

How do positive ions attract chlorine?

Answer 47

The positive sodium "ion" is electrically attracted by the negatively charged chlorine ion Slightly positive hydrogen are attracted to chlorine anions

Question 48

What is an excellent solvent in the body?

Answer 48

Water is an excellent solvent because it dissolves a variety of substances

Question 49

What organ helps regulate blood volume and blood pressure?

Answer 49

Kidney

Question 50

What hormone is released from the pituitary gland to reduce urine output? Why?

Answer 50

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) When blood pressure is too low

Question 51

What mineral is required to pump out of the muscle cell for relaxation after a contraction?

Answer 51

Calcium

Question 52

What is metabolic water formed from?

Answer 52

Metabolic reactions

Question 53

What is formed from metabolic reactions?

Answer 53

Metabolic water

Question 54

Increased concentration of solutes in the blood stimulate what region of the brain?

Answer 54

Thirst Mechanism Hypothalamus

Question 55

Sensible fluid losses occur from what?

Answer 55

Urine Kidneys excrete water as urine

Question 56

High blood pressure is associated with what type of diet?

Answer 56

High sodium diets

Question 57

What represents. the ratio of a persons weight